New carnivorous sponges (Cladorhizidae:Poecilosclerida:Demospongiae) from off Diego Ramírez Archipelago (south Chile), with comments on taxonomy and biogeography of the family

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela A. Lopes ◽  
Alejandro Bravo ◽  
Eduardo Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Bathymetric Distribution ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Diversity

Eight new species of carnivorous sponges are described from southern South America, off Diego Ramírez Archipelago (south Chile): Abyssocladia diegoramirezensis, sp. nov., A. umbellata, sp. nov., Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) bitrichela, sp. nov., A. (A.) magnifica, sp. nov., A. (A.) microstrongyla, sp. nov., A. (Helophloeina) delicata, sp. nov., Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) schlatteri, sp. nov. and C. (Meliiderma) latrunculioides, sp. nov. Most of these sponges were sampled from an antipatharian coral collected accidentaly by demersal fisheries, which indicates an unexpected high diversity and abundance of carnivorous sponges in this area. The taxonomy and biogeography of the family Cladorhizidae is discussed, with an emphasis on cladorhizid versus phellodermid affinities of Abyssocladia, and on the possibility that species bearing either cleistochelae or arcuate chelae as the sole chelae morphotype may belong in this genus. A synthesis of the geographic as well as bathymetric distribution of cladorhizids is presented.

Systematics of the family Carditidae (Bivalvia: Archiheterodonta) in the Cenozoic of Argentina

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4338 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAMIÁN E. PÉREZ ◽  
CLAUDIA J. DEL RÍO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
The Family ◽  
Entre Rios ◽  
First Time ◽  
One New Species

The systematics of the Family Carditidae is currently poorly elucidated. This paper reviews the Eocene to Pleistocene carditids from Patagonia and Entre Ríos Province (Argentina). Twelve species are described and illustrated and the presence of the genera Cyclocardia Conrad, Pleuromeris Conrad, Scalaricardita Sacco, Fasciculicardia Maxwell and Purpurocardia Maxwell in southern South America is discussed. The genus Scalaricardita is documented for the first time in South America. Two new genera, Darwinicardia gen. nov. and Kolmeris n. gen. are proposed for the species ‘Venericardia’ patagonica (Sowerby) and ‘V.’ tehuelchana (Ihering), respectively, and one new species, Cyclocardia dalek sp. nov., is described. 

A new species and two new records of the ground spider genus Apopyllus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from Paraguay

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4664 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-600
Author(s):  
YOLANDA M. G. PIÑANEZ ESPEJO ◽  
JOHN A. KOCHALKA ◽  
BOLÍVAR R. GARCETE BARRETT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New Records ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
The Family ◽  
Small Genus ◽  
A New Species

The family Gnaphosidae consist of 158 genera and 2530 species worldwide. In South America there are 35 genera (World Spider Catalog 2019) considering Apopyllus Platnick & Shadab, 1984, a small genus of ground hunting spiders (Cardoso et al. 2011) that includes ten American species, of which eight have been recorded from southern South America. Their known distribution ranges from southern Mexico through Colombia, Bolivia, Perú, Chile, Brazil and Argentina (World Spider Catalog 2019). In Paraguay, the genus was first mentioned in an invertebrate checklist (see Kochalka et al. 1996). First studies on the genus and its taxonomic placement were made by Platnick & Shadab (1984), and more recently a revision of the genus was undertaken by Azevedo et al. (2016), including four new Brazilian species. Even though the external appearance of Apopyllus is similar to other gnaphosids, specifically taking into consideration the Echemus group, spiders with plain colored abdomens, sometimes presenting chevrons in the opisthosoma, and with developed scutum in males (Murphy 2007), females and males can be differentiated by the more elaborated and intricated genitalia structures (see Azevededo et al. 2016). Apopyllus is most similar to Apodrassodes Vellard, 1924 both having a similar elongate embolus (Fig. 3e) and a membranous tegular extension (Fig. 3d) (Platnick & Shadab 1984), and to the genera Nopyllus Ott, 2014, but differ from the later by the presence of a scutum (Fig. 3a) in males and by the presence of a median apophysis (Fig. 3e) on the bulb (Ott, 2014). 

scholarly journals Paspalum chilense (Poaceae, Paspaleae): A new species from southern South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
María Paz Catanzaro ◽  
Marisa Graciela Bonasora ◽  
Pablo Rafael Speranza ◽  
Marcelo Medina-Nicolas ◽  
José F.M. Valls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
The Core ◽  
A New Species

Paspalum chilense, a new species from Chile belonging to the informal Notata group, is described and illustrated on the basis of morphological, cytological and molecular evidence. Our evidence supports its affinity with P. barretoi and P. nummularium, from Brazil, from which it probably diverged by vicariant speciation. The limited available material of the new species was previously identified as P. pumilum or P. minus. A new key to the species of the core Notata group is provided.

scholarly journals Ten new species of Cladonia (Cladoniaceae, Lichenized Fungi) from the Guianas and Venezuela, South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEUVO AHTI ◽  
HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Lichenized Fungi ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
The Guianas

The diversity of the lichen family Cladoniaceae in the Neotropics is apparently underestimated. A revision of the family for the Flora of the Guianas resulted in the description of 10 species new to science from Northern South America: Cladonia cayennensis; Cladonia flavocrispata; Cladonia isidiifera; Cladonia maasii; Cladonia mollis; Cladonia persphacelata; Cladonia recta; Cladonia rupununii; Cladonia subsphacelata; Cladonia termitarum.

The bee genus Psaenythia in northern South America (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Michael S. Engel ◽  
Diego A. Guevara ◽  
Rodulfo Ospina-Torres ◽  
Victor H. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
First Time

The diverse bee genus Psaenythia Gerstaecker (Panurginae, Protandrenini), hitherto known from central and southern South America, is recorded from northern South America for the first time. Two new species are described: Psaenythia diceratops, sp. n., from northeastern Colombia, and P. guaricoensis, sp. n., from central Venezuela. The males of P. diceratops are noteworthy for possessing prominent apicolateral clypeal horns, elongate scythe-like mandibles, and displaying macrocephaly with strong dimorphism. Keywords: Andrenidae, Anthophila, Apoidea, Panurginae, taxonomy, Neotropical

A further contribution to the knowledge of Uroleucon species (Hemiptera, Aphididae) living on Adesmia (Fabaceae) in southern South America, with description of a new species from Chile

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4748 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-560
Author(s):  
M. PILAR MIER DURANTE ◽  
JAIME ORTEGO ◽  
CAROL D. VON DOHLEN ◽  
JUAN MANUEL NIETO NAFRÍA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Viviparous Female ◽  
A New Species

Uroleucon (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Macrosiphini) is a highly diverse and widely distributed genus. Most of its species are hosted by plants of the Asteraceae or Campanulaceae, but three species from the southern end of South America have specialized to live on plants of the genus Adesmia (Fabaceae). New morphological and chorological data are provided for U. adesmiae Mier Durante and Ortego and U. naheulhuapense Nieto Nafría & von Dohlen, with a description of the alate viviparous female of the latter species. U. australe Nieto Nafría & Mier Durante, sp. n. is described from apterous viviparous females, oviparous females and males from four localities in the Chilean regions of Aysén and Magallanes; it is very close to U. nahuelhuapense, both morphologically and genetically. Contrary to what is typical for aphids, the males of U. australe have a greater number of distinguishing characters than are found in viviparous females. A modification of the identification key to the apterous viviparous females of the known Uroleucon species in South America by Nieto Nafría et al. (2019) is presented. 

Parakari a New Genus of the Family Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Guyana Highlands

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3032 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINA NIETO ◽  
TOMÁŠ DERKA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obtuse Angle ◽  
Diverse Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
High Level ◽  
Table Mountains

Baetidae is one of the most diverse families of Ephemeroptera. In South America this family now encompasses 27 genera and more than 130 species. The Guyana region is known for its extraordinary diversity and high level of endemism, which is, above all, remarkable at the tops of the isolated flat-topped table mountains – tepuis. Recently various international speleological expeditions to Churí-tepui explored the cave systems of this mountain. Here we describe a new genus of Baetidae recently found during the mentioned expeditions to Churí-tepui and Auyán-tepui. Parakari n. gen. can be distinguish from the other genera of this family, among other characters, in the nymphs by the absence of abdominal gills I, tarsal claws with subapical denticle larger than the others, right mandible with prostheca bifid and pectinate and with incisors positioned in obtuse angle to mola area, lingua with a tuft of setae, segment II of maxillary palpi with a concavity and a hole apically and segment II of labial palpi with a strong distomedial projection. In the adults the hind wings are absent and genitalia with segment II of forceps with a constriction, segment III elongate and long. Two new species are included in this genus; each one was collected at different tepui. A key and illustrations are included.

Aphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae) species living on Baccharis (Asteraceae) in southern South America, with description of three new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4656 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
JUAN MANUEL NIETO NAFRÍA ◽  
JAIME ORTEGO ◽  
PAUL A. BROWN ◽  
SARA I. LÓPEZ CIRUELOS ◽  
M. PILAR MIER DURANTE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Aphis Spiraecola ◽  
Three New Species

Aphid specimens belonging to the genus Aphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Aphidinae) collected on species of Baccharis (Asteraceae) in localities of Argentina and Chile, preserved in the Natural History Museum in London and in the Universidad de León collections, have been studied. They belong to six species: Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii and Aphis spiraecola, which are widely-distributed and polyphagous, and the new species: Aphis ingeborgae Nieto Nafría and Brown sp. n., Aphis conspicua Nieto Nafría and Mier Durante sp. n. and Aphis fuentesi Nieto Nafría and Ortego sp. n. which are here described from apterous and alate viviparous females, and also from oviparous females and males in the case of Aphis fuentesi. These six species plus the native and monophagous A. coridifoliae are those known in southern South America living on plants of Baccharis. Diagnostic features of new species and an identification key for apterous viviparous females of these seven species are presented. 

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