Regulation of a carbon concentrating mechanism through CCM1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Miura ◽  
Tsutomu Kohinata ◽  
Satoshi Yoshioka ◽  
Kanji Ohyama ◽  
Hideya Fukuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Carbon Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Signalling System ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Aquatic photosynthetic organisms, including the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, induce a set of genes for a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) through the CO2-signalling system, to acclimate to CO2-limiting stress conditions. We have described a regulatory gene, Ccm1, which was shown to regulate CCM induction in C. reinhardtii. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the regulatory process, which controls the expression of genes for the CCM. In particular, CCM1-regulated genes and possible functions of Ccm1 in the CO2-signalling pathway are discussed, in relation to findings in other green algae and cyanobacteria.

scholarly journals Ccm1, a regulatory gene controlling the induction of a carbon-concentrating mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by sensing CO2 availability

2001 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 5347-5352 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fukuzawa ◽  
K. Miura ◽  
K. Ishizaki ◽  
K.-i. Kucho ◽  
T. Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Carbon Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Concentrating Mechanism

The carbonic anhydrase gene families of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 780-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mautusi Mitra ◽  
Catherine B Mason ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
Ruby A Ynalvez ◽  
Scott M Lato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Gene

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc-containing metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible interconversion of CO2 and HCO3–. Aquatic photosynthetic organisms have evolved different forms of CO2-concentrating mechanisms to aid Rubisco in capturing CO2 from the surrounding environment. One aspect of all CO2-concentrating mechanisms is the critical roles played by various specially localized extracellular and intracellular CAs. There are three evolutionarily unrelated CA families designated α-, β-, and γ-CA. In the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard, eight CAs have now been identified, including three α-CAs and five β-CAs. In addition, C. reinhardtii has another CA-like gene, Glp1 that is similar to known γ-CAs. To characterize these different CA isoforms, some of the CA genes have been overexpressed to determine whether the proteins have CA activity and to generate antibodies for in vivo immunolocalization. The CA proteins Cah3, Cah6, and Cah8, and the γ-CA-like protein, Glp1, have been overexpressed. Cah3, Cah6, and Cah8 have CA activity, but Glp1 does not. At least two of these proteins, Cah3 and Cah6, are localized to the chloroplast. Using immunolocalization and sequence analyses, we have determined that Cah6 is located to the chloroplast stroma and confirmed that Cah3 is localized to the chloroplast thylakoid lumen. Activity assays show that Cah3 is 100 times more sensitive to sulfonamides than Cah6. We present a model on how these two chloroplast CAs might participate in the CO2-concentrating mechanism of C. reinhardtii. Key words: carbonic anhydrase, CO2-concentrating mechanism, Chlamydomonas, immunolocalization.

scholarly journals Crystal structure of chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Théo Le Moigne ◽  
Edoardo Sarti ◽  
Antonin Nourisson ◽  
Alessandra Carbone ◽  
Stéphane D. Lemaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Unicellular Green Alga ◽  
Tim Barrel ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

The Calvin-Benson cycle fixes carbon dioxide into organic triosephosphates through the collective action of eleven conserved enzymes. Regeneration of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, the substrate of Rubisco-mediated carboxylation, requires two lyase reactions catalyzed by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA). While cytoplasmic FBA has been extensively studied in non-photosynthetic organisms, functional and structural details are limited for chloroplast FBA encoded by oxygenic phototrophs . Here we determined the crystal structure of plastidial FBA from the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr). We confirm that CrFBA folds as a TIM barrel, describe its catalytic pocket and homo-tetrameric state. Multiple sequence profiling classified the photosynthetic paralogs of FBA in a distinct group from non-photosynthetic paralogs. We mapped the sites of thiol- and phospho-based post-translational modifications known from photosynthetic organisms and predict their effects on enzyme catalysis.

scholarly journals The Induction of Pyrenoid Synthesis by Hyperoxia and its Implications for the Natural Diversity of Photosynthetic Responses in Chlamydomonas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Neofotis ◽  
Joshua Temple ◽  
Oliver L. Tessmer ◽  
Jacob Bibik ◽  
Nicole Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Carbon Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Natural Diversity ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

ABSTRACTIn algae, it is well established that the pyrenoid, a component of the carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM), is essential for efficient photosynthesis at low CO2. However, the signal that triggers the formation of the pyrenoid has remained elusive. Here, we show that, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the pyrenoid is strongly induced by hyperoxia, even at high CO2 or bicarbonate levels. These results suggest that the pyrenoid can be induced by a common product of photosynthesis specific to low CO2 or hyperoxia. Consistent with this view, the photorespiratory by-product, H2O2, induced the pyrenoid, suggesting that it acts as a signal. Finally, we show evidence for linkages between genetic variations in hyperoxia tolerance, H2O2 signaling, and pyrenoid morphologies.

scholarly journals Rubisco and carbon‐concentrating mechanism co‐evolution across chlorophyte and streptophyte green algae

2020 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam M. M. Goudet ◽  
Douglas J. Orr ◽  
Michael Melkonian ◽  
Karin H. Müller ◽  
Moritz T. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Carbon Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Concentrating Mechanism
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