Theorising stigma and the experiences of injecting drug users in Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tindal ◽  
Kay Cook ◽  
Nena Foster
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Poor

This paper examines the stigma of injecting drug use as an underlying factor in the poor health status of Australian injecting drug users. Drawing on various models of stigma described in the literature, we examine injecting drug users’ experiences. As a case study, examples from Victorian (specifically Melbourne) policy and practice are included to exemplify community and societal attitudes towards injecting drug users and the implications of these for injecting drug user health. We conclude that redressing the negative effects of stigma requires political will, financial support, increased community commitment and a better understanding of the links between the social determinant of health and the poor health status of injecting drug users. Without reducing the stigma of injecting drug use the health of this marginalised population is likely to get worse, which will have broader negative population health effects.

Global overview of injecting drug use and HIV infection among injecting drug users

AIDS ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 2295-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Aceijas ◽  
Gerry V Stimson ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
Tim Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Use

scholarly journals Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity among the Elderly People in Mountain Region of Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Hari S. Bisht ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
P Values ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Level Of Significance

According to World Health Organization (WHO), the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) have an important influence on health inequities – the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries. In countries at all levels of income, health and illness follow a social gradient: the lower the socioeconomic position, the worse the health. The main objective of this paper is to understand these determinants that are prevailing and its relation with the health status of the elderly people in mountain region of Uttarakhand. In order to accomplish the study the data have been collected from 183 households from the three different geographic mountain areas of six administrative regions. The collected data have been further analyzed with SPSS latest version. The findings of study shows that & the self stated very poor health status majority were from the Garhwal mountain region, females those were widows, those were above 81 years, Shudra by caste followed by Khatriya caste, residing in joint family, living in Kuchha houses, civil pensioners, educated above high school & above and average income group followed by high and low income group of the elderly households. However, with respect to the poor health status, occupation, education and income of the household of elderly as the p-values associated with the Ch-square statistics are found to be less than the level of significance. The study concluded with that in built environment of the elderly people like the region, caste, being a female and widow and age above 81 years followed by living amenities like Kuchha house and residing in a joint family system are more significant with respect to the poor health status, while occupation, education and income of the household of elderly as the p-values associated with the Ch-square statistics is found to be less than the level of significance in the mountain region of Uttarakhand.

scholarly journals How Well Do Health-Mediation Programs Address the Determinants of the Poor Health Status of Roma? A Longitudinal Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Belak ◽  
Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska ◽  
Andrea Madarasova Geckova ◽  
Jitse P. van Dijk ◽  
Sijmen A. Reijneveld
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
The Poor

scholarly journals Rapid Assessment of Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) in Nairobi and Mombasa counties, Kenya: A Respondent Driven Sampling Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel O Dida ◽  
Francis Oguya ◽  
Patrick Kenya ◽  
Francisca Ongecha ◽  
Patrick Mureithi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Respondent Driven Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Situational Assessment

Abstract Background: A Cross-sectional Rapid Situational Assessment of Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) applying Respondent Driven sampling techniques (RDS) was used to recruit subjects/participants in a study aimed at assessing HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among injection drug users in Nairobi and Mombasa counties of Kenya. The study sought to establish HIV prevalence and document risk behaviors among IDUs in the two regions, as well as assess their spatial distribution and size estimates in the general population. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted in which a set of initial subjects referred to as ‘seeds’ were first identified from which an expanding chain of referrals was obtained, with subjects from each wave referring subjects of subsequent wave. The seeds were drawn randomly from the population and interviewed to pick the one with the largest network and other unique characteristics. A maximum of twelve seeds were recruited. The second stage involved conducting assessment visits to the sites to identify potential collaborators that included non-governmental organizations (NGOs), drug treatment centres, health facilities, Community based organizations (CBO's), among others. Three NGOs located in the Mombasa county and one in Nairobi county were identified to assist in identifying drug injection locations and potential participants. Key informant interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were also conducted using interview guides. Results: A total of 646 individuals (344 in Nairobi and 302 at the coast) were recruited for the study between January and March 2010. Of these 590 (91%) were males and 56 (9%) were female. Findings showed that most IDUs initiated injecting drug use between the ages of 20-29 years, with the youngest age of initiation being 11 years and oldest age being 53 years. Most commonly injected drug was heroin (98%), with a small (2%) percentage injecting cocaine. Other non-injecting methods such as smoking or combining these two drugs with other drugs such as cannabis or rohypnol were also common. Most IDUs used other substances (cigarettes, alcohol, and cannabis) before initiating injecting drug use. While all IDUs continue to be at risk in the two regions, those from the Western parts of Nairobi were at a relatively higher risk given their higher rate of sharing injecting equipment and solutions. Conclusions: Given that initiation of injection drug use begins early and peaks mainly after formal school years (20-29 years), preventive programmes should be targeted at secondary school, college and out of school youth. Further, to protect People who inject drugs (PWIDs) from HIV infection, the country should introduce free Needle Syringe Programs with provision of condoms and Methadone Assisted Therapy as a substitute for drug use.

scholarly journals Current trends in HIV/ AIDS epidemiology in Poland, 1999 – 2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rosinska
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids

The first HIV/ AIDS cases in Poland were diagnosed in the mid-1980, and the outbreak in injecting drug users was first observed in 1989. For many years the HIV epidemic in Poland was driven by injecting drug use. In this study we examine the trends in the HIV/ AIDS epidemic based on the surveillance data for 1999-2004. During this period, 3561 new HIV infections (annual rate of 15.4 per 1 000 000 inhabitants) were reported and 803 incident AIDS cases (incidence 3.5 per 1 000 000) were diagnosed. Both the annual number of newly detected HIV infections and the AIDS incidence showed a slight increasing trend. In particular, the vertically transmitted AIDS incidence increased from 0.46 in 1999 - 2000 to 0.91 per 1 000 000 children under 15 years in 2003 - 2004. Approximately 36% of AIDS patients aged 15 years or above had not been previously diagnosed with HIV. The annual number of the late presenters increased markedly between 1999 and 2004 and was higher amongst individuals infected through sexual transmission (51.0%) than those infected by injecting drug use (20.1%) . Injecting drug users made up 78.6% of new HIV infections with known transmission route, but for 47.9% of all cases the route of transmission was not reported. In order to generate more accurate data, HIV surveillance must be enhanced. Nevertheless, there is clear evidence for implementation of a comprehensive programme of prevention of vertical transmission and encouraging more extensive HIV testing especially in the groups at risk for sexual transmission. An effort is needed to enhance HIV surveillance and prevention in the framework of programmes for STI.

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