scholarly journals Correction to Supporting Information for Rouse et al., Vocal learning and flexible rhythm pattern perception are linked: Evidence from songbirds

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (42) ◽  
pp. e2116558118
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Pattern Perception ◽  
Rhythm Pattern ◽  
Linked Evidence

scholarly journals Vocal learning and flexible rhythm pattern perception are linked: Evidence from songbirds

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (29) ◽  
pp. e2026130118
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Rouse ◽  
Aniruddh D. Patel ◽  
Mimi H. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Pattern Perception ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Motor Pathways ◽  
Multiple Stimulus ◽  
Rhythm Pattern ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Linked Evidence

Rhythm perception is fundamental to speech and music. Humans readily recognize a rhythmic pattern, such as that of a familiar song, independently of the tempo at which it occurs. This shows that our perception of auditory rhythms is flexible, relying on global relational patterns more than on the absolute durations of specific time intervals. Given that auditory rhythm perception in humans engages a complex auditory–motor cortical network even in the absence of movement and that the evolution of vocal learning is accompanied by strengthening of forebrain auditory–motor pathways, we hypothesize that vocal learning species share our perceptual facility for relational rhythm processing. We test this by asking whether the best-studied animal model for vocal learning, the zebra finch, can recognize a fundamental rhythmic pattern—equal timing between event onsets (isochrony)—based on temporal relations between intervals rather than on absolute durations. Prior work suggests that vocal nonlearners (pigeons and rats) are quite limited in this regard and are biased to attend to absolute durations when listening to rhythmic sequences. In contrast, using naturalistic sounds at multiple stimulus rates, we show that male zebra finches robustly recognize isochrony independent of absolute time intervals, even at rates distant from those used in training. Our findings highlight the importance of comparative studies of rhythmic processing and suggest that vocal learning species are promising animal models for key aspects of human rhythm perception. Such models are needed to understand the neural mechanisms behind the positive effect of rhythm on certain speech and movement disorders.

Infant Vocal Learning

1961 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
Harris Winitz
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Learning

METODE PEMBELAJARAN PADA EKSTRAKURIKULER DIDONG BANAN DI SMAN 8 TAKENGON ACEH TENGAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Yulia Khairaawati
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Lecture Method ◽  
Rhythm Pattern ◽  
Ward Method

The results of the study prove that the Didong Banan in SMAN 8 Takengon CentralAceh has been established since 2011 and was stopped in 2015 and reopened in 2016,Didong Banan extracurricular activities have increased from year to year, at thebeginning of the opening only students followed the existing songs and now students cancreate their own songs through spontaneity, the method used in didong bananextracurricular is lecture method, project teaching method, discussion method, ponobanoe method, ward method, and dewey method. The rhythm pattern in Didong Bananis divided into three, namely rhythm of behavior, rhythmic rhythm, and rhythm of thepillow.

scholarly journals Traffic noise disrupts vocal development and suppresses immune function

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. eabe2405
Author(s):  
Henrik Brumm ◽  
Wolfgang Goymann ◽  
Sébastien Derégnaucourt ◽  
Nicole Geberzahn ◽  
Sue Anne Zollinger
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Learning Impairments ◽  
Cognitive Deficiencies

Noise pollution has been linked to learning and language deficits in children, but the causal mechanisms connecting noise to cognitive deficiencies remain unclear because experimental models are lacking. Here, we investigated the effects of noise on birdsong learning, the primary animal model for vocal learning and speech development in humans. We found that traffic noise exposure retarded vocal development and led to learning inaccuracies. In addition, noise suppressed immune function during the sensitive learning period, indicating that it is a potent stressor for birds, which is likely to compromise their cognitive functions. Our results provide important insights into the consequences of noise pollution and pave the way for future studies using birdsong as an experimental model for the investigation of noise-induced learning impairments.

scholarly journals Vocal Creativity in Elephant Sound Production

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Angela S. Stoeger ◽  
Anton Baotic ◽  
Gunnar Heilmann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Nasal Tissue ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Production Mechanisms

How do elephants achieve their enormous vocal flexibility when communicating, imitating or creating idiosyncratic sounds? The mechanisms that underpin this trait combine motoric abilities with vocal learning processes. We demonstrate the unusual production techniques used by five African savanna elephants to create idiosyncratic sounds, which they learn to produce on cue by positive reinforcement training. The elephants generate these sounds by applying nasal tissue vibration via an ingressive airflow at the trunk tip, or by contracting defined superficial muscles at the trunk base. While the production mechanisms of the individuals performing the same sound categories are similar, they do vary in fine-tuning, revealing that each individual has its own specific sound-producing strategy. This plasticity reflects the creative and cognitive abilities associated with ‘vocal’ learning processes. The fact that these sounds were reinforced and cue-stimulated suggests that social feedback and positive reinforcement can facilitate vocal creativity and vocal learning behavior in elephants. Revealing the mechanism and the capacity for vocal learning and sound creativity is fundamental to understanding the eloquence within the elephants’ communication system. This also helps to understand the evolution of human language and of open-ended vocal systems, which build upon similar cognitive processes.

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