scholarly journals Interlocus variation of genetic distance and the neutral mutation theory.

1975 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 2758-2760 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nei ◽  
Y. Tateno
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Neutral Mutation ◽  
Mutation Theory ◽  
Neutral Mutation Theory

On the genealogy of large populations

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (A) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. C. Kingman
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Neutral Mutation ◽  
Mutation Theory ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Coupling Techniques ◽  
Neutral Mutation Theory ◽  
Haploid Population

A new Markov chain is introduced which can be used to describe the family relationships among n individuals drawn from a particular generation of a large haploid population. The properties of this process can be studied, simultaneously for all n, by coupling techniques. Recent results in neutral mutation theory are seen as consequences of the genealogy described by the chain.

On the genealogy of large populations

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (A) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. C. Kingman
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Neutral Mutation ◽  
Mutation Theory ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Coupling Techniques ◽  
Neutral Mutation Theory ◽  
Haploid Population

A new Markov chain is introduced which can be used to describe the family relationships among n individuals drawn from a particular generation of a large haploid population. The properties of this process can be studied, simultaneously for all n, by coupling techniques. Recent results in neutral mutation theory are seen as consequences of the genealogy described by the chain.

scholarly journals Population size and protein variation in man

1972 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Haigh ◽  
John Maynard Smith
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Neutral Mutation ◽  
Mutation Theory ◽  
Neutral Mutation Theory ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Neutral Mutation Rate

SUMMARYThe ‘neutral mutation theory’ holds that most amino acid substitutions in evolution are selectively neutral. The known pattern of variation in human haemoglobins can only be made consistent with this theory if the human species has passed through a bottleneck of numbers in the recent past. If this theory is true, estimates of the necessary size and duration of this bottleneck can be made. A theory is developed which leads to an estimate of Yg, n, the number of alleles present in a population which arise between g and n generations ago, and hence to the estimatewhere u is the neutral mutation rate and Ne the effective population size, for the probability that a population contains no such alleles. Using data on haemoglobins, this gives an approximate upper limit to the time elapsed since the bottleneck in human numbers. Either such a bottleneck occurred, or the neutral mutation theory is false; data on other proteins will enable a choice between these possibilities to be made.

scholarly journals Reproduction, development, asymmetry and late eye regression in the Brazilian cave catfish Ituglanis passensis (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae): evidence contributing to the neutral mutation theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 91-112
Author(s):  
Sandro Secutti ◽  
Eleonora Trajano
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Neutral Mutation ◽  
Mutation Theory ◽  
Neutral Mutation Theory ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cave Habitat

The troglobitic (exclusively subterranean source population) catfish Ituglanis passensis (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) is endemic to the Passa Três Cave, São Domingos karst area, Rio Tocantins basin, Central Brazil. This unique population presents variably reduced eyes and melanic pigmentation. We describe reproduction and early development in this species based on a spontaneous (non-induced) reproductive-event that occurred in the laboratory in January–February, 2009, while simultaneously comparing with data from the cave-habitat and a previous reproductive event. Egg laying was parceled. Egg-size and number were within variations observed in epigean congeners. Larvae behavior and growth is described. A single surviving specimen was monitored over two years. Eye-regression started late, one year after birth, and followed a pattern of stasis phases intercalated with slow growth and fluctuating asymmetric rates. Late eye regression, associated with asymmetry in eye development and intra-population variability of troglomorphic traits, as shown by several Brazilian subterranean fishes, provide support for the Neutral Mutation Theory.

scholarly journals Nucleotide polymorphism at the Atmyb2 locus of the wild plant Arabidopsis thaliana

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKU KAMIYA ◽  
AKIRA KAWABE ◽  
NAOHIKO T. MIYASHITA
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Mutation Theory ◽  
Neutral Mutation Theory ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Myb Domain

DNA variation was studied in a 2.2 kb region of the regulatory gene Atmyb2 using 20 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana and one accession each of Arabis gemmifera and Arabidopsis himalaica. Nucleotide diversity (π) in the region was 0.0027, which was lower than for other loci in A. thaliana. The MYB domain of the Atmyb2 gene (π = 0.0036) had a larger variation than the non-MYB region (π = 0.0013). Tajima's test and Fu and Li's test did not give a significant result. In contrast to the low level of polymorphism, the degree of divergence of the Atmyb2 region was higher between A. thaliana and A. gemmifera (K = 0.0730) than for other loci. The MYB domain (K = 0.0436) had smaller divergence than the non-MYB region (K = 0.0939). The HKA test detected significant discordance in the ratio of polymorphism to divergence in some comparisons. The pattern of low polymorphism and high divergence, which is mainly observed in the non-MYB region of the gene, is inconsistent with the neutral mutation theory. Strong purifying selection after establishment of A. thaliana and a species-specific adaptive process could be invoked to account for this pattern of polymorphism and divergence of Atmyb2.

THE ORGANIZATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN CENTRAL AND MARGINAL POPULATIONS OF LODGEPOLE PINE PINUS CONTORTA spp. LATIFOLIA

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Yeh ◽  
C. Layton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Mutation Theory ◽  
Neutral Mutation Theory ◽  
Made In

A survey was conducted of genetic variation at 25 loci in extracts of individual megagametophytes of lodgepole pine. Collections were made in nine widely separated localities representing four marginal, two intermediate and three central populations. Single populations of lodgepole pine were, on the average, polymorphic at 58.67% of their loci, and had 1.90 alleles per locus. Both expected and observed heterozygosity averaged 0.16. There was a definite trend towards decreased genetic variability at the margins. The measures of gene diversity for the 25 loci showed a 4% but significant effect of interpopulation differentiation; 96% of the total gene diversity resided within populations. Estimated outcrossing rates [Formula: see text] for the nine populations ranged between 0.92–1.29. Comparisons among populations with different levels of outcrossing revealed no clear relationship between [Formula: see text] and amount of genetic variability. The overall pattern of genetic differentiation agrees with expectations based on the neutral mutation theory. However, two loci demonstrated conspicuous clinal variation patterns which may be incompatible with this stochastic model.

Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity Study in F3 Population of Rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
L Rahman ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
F Nur
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetic Diversity Study ◽  
Diversity Study

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was initiated for molecular genetic analysis among 13 F3 rice lines and their parents. Four out of 15 decamer random primers were used to amplify genomic DNA and the primers yielded a total of 41 RAPD markers of which 37 were considered as polymorphic with a mean of 9.25 bands per primer. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 90.24. The highest percentage of polymorphic loci (14.63) and gene diversity (0.0714) was observed in 05-6 F3 line and the lowest polymorphic loci (0.00) and gene diversity (0.00) was found in 05-12 and 05-15 F3 lines. So, relatively high level of genetic variation was found in 05-6 F3 line and it was genetically more diverse compared to others. The average co-efficient of gene differentiation (GST) and gene flow (Nm) values across all the loci were 0.8689 and 0.0755, respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram based on the Nei’s genetic distance differentiated the rice genotypes into two main clusters: PNR-519, 05-19, 05-14, 05-12 and 05-17 grouped in cluster 1. On the other hand, Baradhan, 05-9, 05-13, 05-11, 05-5, 05-6, 05-1, 05-4, 05-15 and 05-25 were grouped in cluster 2. The highest genetic distance (0.586) was found between 05-4 and 05-17 F3 lines and they remain in different cluster.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16839 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 1 – 8, 2009

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