Attenuation of bovine leukemia virus by deletion of R3 and G4 open reading frames.

ABSTRACT In a search for previously unknown genes that are required for lymphocyte development in zebrafish, a retroviral sequence was identified in a subtracted thymus cDNA library and in genomic DNA libraries. The provirus is 11.2 kb and contains intact open reading frames for the gag, pol, and env genes, as well as nearly identical flanking long terminal repeat sequences. As determined by in situ hybridization, the thymus appears to be a major tissue for retroviral expression in both larval and adult fish. Several viral transcripts were found by Northern blotting in the adult thymus. The provirus was found at the same genomic locus in sperm from four fish, suggesting that it is an endogenous retrovirus. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is closest to, yet distinct from, the cluster of murine leukemia virus-related retroviruses, suggesting that this virus represents a new group of retroviruses.

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Complete nucleotide sequence of a mouse VL30 retro-element.

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.8.8.2989 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 2989-2998 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

S E Adams ◽

P D Rathjen ◽

C A Stanway ◽

S M Fulton ◽

M H Malim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Long Terminal Repeats ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Viral Packaging ◽

Protein Functions ◽

Active Promoter ◽

Reading Frames

The complete nucleotide sequence of a mouse retro-element is presented. The cloned element is composed of 4,834 base pairs (bp) with long terminal repeats of 568 bp separated by an internal region of 3,698 bp. The element did not appear to have any open reading frames that would be capable of encoding the functional proteins that are normally produced by retro-elements. However, some regions of the genome showed some homology to retroviral gag and pol open reading frames. There was no region in VL30 corresponding to a retroviral env gene. This implies that VL30 is related to retrotransposons rather than to retroviruses. The sequence also contained regions that were homologous to known reverse transcriptase priming sites and viral packaging sites. These observations, combined with the known transcriptional capacity of the VL30 promoter, suggest that VL30 relies on protein functions of other retro-elements, such as murine leukemia virus, while maintaining highly conserved cis-active promoter, packaging, and priming sites necessary for its replication and cell-to-cell transmission.

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Complete Genome Sequence of Feline Leukemia Virus Kawakami-Theilen Strain KT-FeLV-UCD-1

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.00233-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (20) ◽

Author(s):

Pei-Ju Chin ◽

Fabio La Neve ◽

Valeria Zanda ◽

Arifa S. Khan

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

High Throughput ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Genomic Organization ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Feline Leukemia Virus ◽

Long Terminal Repeats ◽

Full Length Genome ◽

Reading Frames

This full-length genome sequence of a feline leukemia virus Kawakami-Theilen strain (designated KT-FeLV-UCD-1), produced from the chronically infected FL74-UCD-1 cell line, was obtained using high-throughput sequencing. It consisted of 8,464 bp and had a genomic organization similar to that of other gammaretroviruses, containing long terminal repeats and open reading frames for Gag, Pol, and Env.

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Sequence Analysis of Mus dunni Endogenous Virus Reveals a Hybrid VL30/Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus-Like Structure and a Distinct Envelope

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.72.9.7459-7466.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 72 (9) ◽

pp. 7459-7466 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Greg Wolgamot ◽

Lynn Bonham ◽

A. Dusty Miller

Keyword(s):

Leukemia Virus ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Cell Entry ◽

Endogenous Virus ◽

Entire Genome ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus ◽

Apparent Similarity ◽

Packaging Sequence ◽

Reading Frames

ABSTRACT Mus dunni endogenous virus (MDEV) can be activated fromM. dunni cells by exposing the cells to hydrocortisone or 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine. Interference analysis has revealed that MDEV uses a receptor for cell entry that is different from those used by other murine retroviruses. The entire genome has now been sequenced, revealing a long terminal repeat (LTR)-gag-pol-env-LTR structure typical of simple retroviruses of the murine leukemia virus genus, with no additional open reading frames between env and the 3′ LTR. The LTRs and other noncoding regions of MDEV are most closely related to those of VL30 elements, while the majority of the coding sequences are most closely related to those of gibbon ape leukemia virus. MDEV represents the first example of a naturally occurring, replication-competent virus with sequences closely related to VL30 elements. The U3 region of MDEV contains six nearly perfect 80-bp repeats and the beginning of a seventh, and the region expected to contain the packaging sequence contains approximately four imperfect 33-bp repeats. The receptor specificity domains of the envelope are unique among retroviruses and show no apparent similarity to regions of known proteins.

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Complete nucleotide sequence of a mouse VL30 retro-element

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.8.8.2989-2998.1988 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 2989-2998

Author(s):

S E Adams ◽

P D Rathjen ◽

C A Stanway ◽

S M Fulton ◽

M H Malim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Long Terminal Repeats ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Viral Packaging ◽

Protein Functions ◽

Active Promoter ◽

Reading Frames

The complete nucleotide sequence of a mouse retro-element is presented. The cloned element is composed of 4,834 base pairs (bp) with long terminal repeats of 568 bp separated by an internal region of 3,698 bp. The element did not appear to have any open reading frames that would be capable of encoding the functional proteins that are normally produced by retro-elements. However, some regions of the genome showed some homology to retroviral gag and pol open reading frames. There was no region in VL30 corresponding to a retroviral env gene. This implies that VL30 is related to retrotransposons rather than to retroviruses. The sequence also contained regions that were homologous to known reverse transcriptase priming sites and viral packaging sites. These observations, combined with the known transcriptional capacity of the VL30 promoter, suggest that VL30 relies on protein functions of other retro-elements, such as murine leukemia virus, while maintaining highly conserved cis-active promoter, packaging, and priming sites necessary for its replication and cell-to-cell transmission.

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Potential evolutionary influences on overlapping reading frames in the bovine leukemia virus pXBL region

Genomics ◽

10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.12.007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 502-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Xiangrong Zhao ◽

Kathleen M. McGirr ◽

Gertrude C. Buehring

Keyword(s):

Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Overlapping Reading Frames ◽

Reading Frames

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Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 pX-I and pX-II Open Reading Frames Are Dispensable for the Immortalization of Primary Lymphocytes

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.72.5.4458-4462.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 4458-4462 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Michael D. Robek ◽

Fen-Hwa Wong ◽

Lee Ratner

Keyword(s):

Leukemia Virus ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Cell Leukemia ◽

Cell Leukemia Virus Type ◽

Human T Cell ◽

T Cell Leukemia Virus ◽

Reading Frames

ABSTRACT Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects and transforms CD4+ T-lymphocytes both in vivo and in vitro. Although the Tax protein of HTLV-1 has been strongly implicated as a transforming agent, other virally encoded proteins may also play a role in the transformation process. In addition to the rex andtax genes, the pX region of the HTLV-1 genome contains two open reading frames (pX-I and pX-II) which encode the putative viral accessory proteins known as p12I, p30II, and p13II. Mutations in the ACH molecular clone of HTLV-1 that are predicted to abrogate the expression of p12I, p13II and p30II were constructed. These mutations had no effect on viral replication or the immortalization of primary lymphocytes. Although these proteins are dispensable for viral replication and immortalization in vitro, it remains possible that they alter infection in vivo.

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