Preliminary study of Moroccan Arabic word-initial consonant clusters and syllabification using electromagnetic articulography

2011 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Adamantios I. Gafos ◽  
Philip Hoole ◽  
Chakir Zeroual
Keyword(s):  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Electromagnetic Articulography ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Moroccan Arabic ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Dynamic invariance in the phonetic expression of syllable structure: a case study of Moroccan Arabic consonant clusters

Phonology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Shaw ◽  
Adamantios I. Gafos ◽  
Philip Hoole ◽  
Chakir Zeroual
Keyword(s):  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Electromagnetic Articulography ◽  
Moroccan Arabic

We asked whether invariant phonetic indices for syllable structure can be identified in a language where word-initial consonant clusters, regardless of their sonority profile, are claimed to be parsed heterosyllabically. Four speakers of Moroccan Arabic were recorded, using Electromagnetic Articulography. Pursuing previous work, we employed temporal diagnostics for syllable structure, consisting of static correspondences between any given phonological organisation and its presumed phonetic indices. We show that such correspondences offer only a partial understanding of the relation between syllabic organisation and continuous indices of that organisation. We analyse the failure of the diagnostics and put forth a new approach in which different phonological organisations prescribe different ways in which phonetic indices change as phonetic parameters are scaled. The main finding is that invariance is found in these patterns of change, rather than in static correspondences between phonological constructs and fixed values for their phonetic indices.

scholarly journals Temporal Coordination and Sonority of Jazani Arabic Word-Initial Clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Q. Ruthan ◽  
Karthik Durvasula ◽  
Yen-Hwei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Temporal Coordination ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Moroccan Arabic ◽  
Target Words

Previous research on the organization of syllable-structure, relying on the timing of the articulators suggests that though both English and Moroccan Arabic have word-initial consonant clusters, Moroccan Arabic does not have complex onsets, while English does (Browman and Goldstein, 1988; Byrd, 1995; Shaw et al., 2011). However, typically, such research employs expensive articulatory equipment. This limits the research to those who have access to such technology. Here, we advocate the use of the acoustic measurements with carefully selected stimuli. We conducted an experiment on 7 native speakers of Jazani Arabic, who produced 6 repetitions of 78 target words (34 real, 44 nonce), which varied in the number of onset consonant (C1, C2), and the sonority profiles. Similarly, to Moroccan Arabic, the results show that onset consonant alignments in Jazani Arabic are consistent with the simplex onset organization. Unlike Italian, the temporal pattern of Jazani Arabic remained the same, as simplex onsets across the sonority profiles. The study shows the effectiveness of acoustic measurements as a tool to understand syllabic organization, through studying the temporal co-ordination patterns.

scholarly journals The phonesthetics of blends: A lexicographic study of cognitive blends in the OED

ExELL ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Smith
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Semantic Shift ◽  
The Creation

Abstract This preliminary study of 285 morphological and cognitive blends (attestation dates 1200-2012) aims to investigate the role of phonesthemes in the structuring of the English lexicon. A study of OED word origins shows a disparity between older (1200-1900) and recent blends (1903-2012). Sound symbolism plays an overriding role in over 50% of older blends, leading to a study of initial phonesthemes (i.e. consonant clusters). Several case studies of diachronic semantic shift attested in the OED point to the existence of multidirectional motivation ties. This preliminary study supports the psycholinguistic theory that 1) there is a structured secondary sound symbolism in English, and that 2) it is still productive today and may play a role in the creation of neologisms as well as ensuring their survival (see Bergen, 2010: 52). A more in-depth usage-based analysis using sophisticated measurement tools is the next step in the study.

Effects of phonotactic legality on gestural coordination in consonant clusters: An electromagnetic articulography study

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. A189-A189
Author(s):  
Hung-Shao Cheng ◽  
Matthew Masapollo ◽  
Christina Hagedorn ◽  
Adam Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Electromagnetic Articulography

scholarly journals Stiffness and articulatory overlap in Moroccan Arabic consonant clusters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Roon ◽  
Philip Hoole ◽  
Chakir Zeroual ◽  
Shihao Du ◽  
Adamantios I. Gafos
Keyword(s):  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Moroccan Arabic

scholarly journals Consequences of High Vowel Deletion for Syllabification in Japanese

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Anthony Shaw ◽  
Shigeto Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Electromagnetic Articulography ◽  
Syllable Onset ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Vowel Deletion ◽  
High Vowels

High vowels in Japanese devoice between two voiceless consonants; recent work has shown that devoiced /u/ in this environment is also variably deleted. This paper investigates the syllabification of consonant clusters resulting from vowel deletion. We consider two competing hypotheses from the literature: (H1) that consonant clusters are parsed tautosyllabically into a complex syllable onset and (H2) that consonant clusters are parsed heterosyllabically, with the consonant preceding the deleted vowel becoming a syllabic consonant. We bring both phonological and phonetic evidence bear on evaluating these hypotheses. The phonological evidence draws on patterns sensitive to syllable structure including pitch accent placement, loanword truncation, hypocoristic formation, and mimetics. The phonetic evidence comes from patterns of temporal stability in articulatory data collected with ElectroMagnetic Articulography. Both types of evidence provide converging support for H2. 

scholarly journals The Behavior and Representation of Geminate Consonants in Moroccan Arabic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 53-83
Author(s):  
Noamane A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Moroccan Arabic

The present paper explores the special behavior of geminate consonants in Moroccan Arabic vis-á-vis short consonants and consonant clusters. By way of comparison, it is shown that geminates exhibit properties that are reminiscent of both unit structures and cluster structures. In particular, we reveal that geminates in MA demonstrate an inconsistent behavior in relation to the process of schwa epenthesis. In this context, we ask whether geminates get split up in MA, and when and how that happens. In order to characterize the patterning of geminates in MA, different phonological representations of geminates are examined against the variable behavior of geminates. On this basis, it is eventually suggested that geminates should be depicted as two root nodes that are underlyingly associated with a mora at the prosodic level.

The Ultrastructure of Metastatic Human Mammary Carcinoma After Prolonged Estrogen Therapy

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
John H.L. Watson ◽  
John L. Swedo ◽  
R.W. Talley
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Human Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Hormonal Therapies

A preliminary study of human mammary carcinoma on the ultrastructural level is reported for a metastatic, subcutaneous nodule, obtained as a surgical biopsy. The patient's tumor had responded favorably to a series of hormonal therapies, including androgens, estrogens, progestins, and corticoids for recurring nodules over eight years. The pertinent nodule was removed from the region of the gluteal maximus, two weeks following stilbestrol therapy. It was about 1.5 cms in diameter, and was located within the dermis. Pieces from it were fixed immediately in cold fixatives: phosphate buffered osmium tetroxide, glutaraldehyde, and paraformaldehyde. Embedment in each case was in Vestopal W. Contrasting was done with combinations of uranyl acetate and lead hydroxide.

Fine structure of early degenerating myofibers in the tibialis anterior of young ‘MDX’ mouse

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
H.D. Geissinger ◽  
C.K. McDonald-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Mdx Mouse ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dystrophic Mouse ◽  
Preliminary Study

A new strain of mice, which had arisen by mutation from a dystrophic mouse colony was designated ‘mdx’, because the genetic defect, which manifests itself in brief periods of muscle destruction followed by episodes of muscle regeneration appears to be X-linked. Further studies of histopathological changes in muscle from ‘mdx’ mice at the light microscopic or electron microscopic levels have been published, but only one preliminary study has been on the tibialis anterior (TA) of ‘mdx’ mice less than four weeks old. Lesions in the ‘mdx’ mice vary between different muscles, and centronucleation of fibers in all muscles studied so far appears to be especially prominent in older mice. Lesions in young ‘mdx’ mice have not been studied extensively, and the results appear to be at variance with one another. The degenerative and regenerative aspects of the lesions in the TA of 23 to 26-day-old ‘mdx’ mice appear to vary quantitatively.

Ultrastructural observations of the aorta of calves implanted with a mechanical left ventricular assist device

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
J P Cassella ◽  
V Salih ◽  
T R Graham
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist Device ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist ◽  
Preliminary Study

Left ventricular assist systems are being developed for eventual long term or permanent implantation as an alternative to heart transplantation in patients unsuitable for or denied the transplant option. Evaluation of the effects of these devices upon normal physiology is required. A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the morphology of aortic tissue from calves implanted with a pneumatic Left Ventricular Assist device-LVAD. Two 3 month old heifer calves (calf 1 and calf 2) were electively explanted after 128 days and 47 days respectively. Descending thoracic aortic tissue from both animals was removed immediately post mortem and placed into karnovsky’s fixative. The tissue was subsequently processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Some aortic tissue was fixed in neutral buffered formalin and processed for routine light microscopy.

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