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Author(s):  
Marianne Berg Halvorsen ◽  
Sissel Berge Helverschou ◽  
Brynhildur Axelsdottir ◽  
Per Håkan Brøndbo ◽  
Monica Martinussen

AbstractThere is a need for more knowledge of valid and standardized measures of mental health problems among children and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID). In this study, we systematically reviewed and evaluated the psychometric properties of instruments used to assess general mental health problems in this population. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed empirical research published from 1980 through February 2020 with an updated search in March 2021 in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Health and Psychological Instruments, CINAHL, ERIC, and Web of Science databases. Forty-nine empirical articles were included in this review. Overall, the review indicated consistently better documentation of the reliability and validity of instruments designed for the ID population compared to instruments developed for the general child population.


Author(s):  
S. E. LaFave ◽  
J. J. Suen ◽  
Q. Seau ◽  
A. Bergman ◽  
M. C. Fisher ◽  
...  

AbstractWe reviewed research that examines racism as an independent variable and one or more health outcomes as dependent variables in Black American adults aged 50 years and older in the USA. Of the 43 studies we reviewed, most measured perceived interpersonal racism, perceived institutional racism, or residential segregation. The only two measures of structural racism were birth and residence in a “Jim Crow state.” Fourteen studies found associations between racism and mental health outcomes, five with cardiovascular outcomes, seven with cognition, two with physical function, two with telomere length, and five with general health/other health outcomes. Ten studies found no significant associations in older Black adults. All but six of the studies were cross-sectional. Research to understand the extent of structural and multilevel racism as a social determinant of health and the impact on older adults specifically is needed. Improved measurement tools could help address this gap in science.


2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Crowley ◽  
Piumee Bandara ◽  
Lalith Senarathna ◽  
Ayodhya Malalagama ◽  
Sonali Gunasekera ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Self-harm and suicide are important causes of morbidity and mortality in Sri Lanka, but our understanding of these behaviours is limited. Qualitative studies have implicated familial and societal expectations around sex and relationships. We conducted an explorative analysis using case-control data to investigate the association between sex education and self-poisoning in Sri Lanka. Methods Cases (N=298) were self-poisoning inpatients on a toxicology ward, Teaching Hospital Peradeniya. Controls (N=500) were sex and age frequency matched to cases and were outpatients/visitors to the same hospital. Participants were asked whether they had received sex education, and to rate the quality and usefulness of any sex education received. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and religion quantified the association between receipt, quality and usefulness of sex education and self-poisoning. We tested whether the associations differed by sex. Results Roughly 1-in-3 cases and 1-in-5 controls reported having not received sex education. Individuals who did not receive sex education were nearly twice as likely to have self-poisoned than those who did (OR 1.68 (95% CI 1.11-2.55)). Those who reported the sex education they received as not useful were more likely to have self-poisoned compared to those who reported it useful (OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.04-3.65)). We found no evidence of an association between self-poisoning and the self-rated quality of sex education, or that associations differed by participant sex. Conclusion As sex education is potentially modifiable at the population-level, further research should aim to explore this association in more depth, using qualitative methods and validated measurement tools.


Upravlenie ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
A. A. Golovin

One of the problems of public administration is the need to select the best criteria for assessing the quality of life of the population. The aim of the study is to provide a critical analysis of current approaches to measuring and monitoring the quality of life of the population. The object of the study is the quality of life of the population. The subject of the research is approaches to measuring and monitoring the quality of life of the population.The article provides a comparative characteristic of the prevailing classes of measures used in economics. The advantages and disadvantages of natural, monetary, physical, power, temporal, dimensionless units of quality of life have been analysed. The main foreign and domestic approaches to such monitoring have been considered and the positions of the Russian Federation in foreign ratings of the quality of life have been indicated. Using the methods of content analysis, comparison, systems analysis, expert assessment, etc., the features of contemporary quality of life assessment tools have been highlighted. Global, subnational and national quality of life assessment methods in relation to measurement tools have been compared and a comparative analysis has been presented in a summary graph.The author’s classification of quality of life management approaches has been presented. Historical and economic analysis allows us to distinguish between the monetarist approach, the social justice approach, and the physico-economic approach. Monetary methods of managing the quality of life of the population are based on financial and economic factors and monetary measurement tools, the social justice approach is based on the study of socio-psychological factors and life satisfaction indicators, the physical and economic approach reconciles the needs of the socio-economic system with the capabilities of the natural environment and uses power units of measurement. Foreign research in recent years has been dominated by subjective (socio-psychological) measurement methods, whereas in Russian research objective measurement indicators still play a major role in monitoring quality of life.The article offers recommendations for developing an improved methodology for assessing the quality of life of the population using social time.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONIKA ASTRIA BR GULTOM ◽  
NICKY FELICIA RAHMADINI

Background: This study is about using language in social media to politeness among students. Many of them pay less attention to the ethics of using language on social media. The emergence of these harsh languages creates terrible habits related to politeness and offense in society. Purpose: This study aims to determine the form of speech and the influence of communication ethics in the digital era on the value of politeness among students. Methods: This study combines qualitative and quantitative approaches that describe the data results through analysis and description. Researchers used reference results from previous studies along with results from questionnaires and interviews that had been conducted. Results: The results showed that many students still used short forms of language when communicating on social media. The use of harsh languages is influenced by several supporting factors such as lack of awareness in language politeness, lack of family education, and poor socialization environment. Recommendation: This research is intended for students to be more aware of the importance of ethics in communicating on social media. Limitation: The lack of respondents and measurement tools in this study makes the validity of the data found is not very good.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Heutte ◽  
Fabien Fenouillet ◽  
Charles Martin-Krumm ◽  
Gary Gute ◽  
Annelies Raes ◽  
...  

While the formulation of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's theory of flow, including the experience dimensions, has remained stable since its introduction in 1975, its dedicated measurement tools, research methodologies, and fields of application, have evolved considerably. Among these, education stands out as one of the most active. In recent years, researchers have examined flow in the context of other theoretical constructs such as motivation. The resulting work in the field of education has led to the development of a new model for understanding flow experience in education, specifically dedicated to adult learning. As a result of both a meticulous analysis of existing models and consideration of more recent developments, a new flow scale has thus been developed. The aim of this study is therefore twofold: to validate the new flow measurement scale dedicated to the educational environment, EduFlow-2, and to test a new theoretical model. Students taking a course (N = 6,596), some on-site and others in a MOOC, participated. Several scales were administered online at the end of the participants' course during the 2017 academic year. The factor structure of EduFlow-2 was tested using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. Several models were tested. The model with a second-order factor best fit the data. We tested the invariance of the flow scale measure for gender and for the type of training (MOOC/on-site). We were able to show that the flow scale is invariant of the modalities of these two variables. Results revealed good psychometric qualities for the scale, making it suitable for both on-site and distance learning. The analysis also revealed significant relationships with the classic variables of motivation, self-efficacy, learning climate, and life satisfaction. Furthermore, all four dimensions of the model were found to be adequate and consistent with the underlying theoretical arguments. In the end, this new, short flow scale and the theoretical model were demonstrated to be promising for future studies in the field of education.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mirkka J. Hirvonen ◽  
Rafael Pasternack ◽  
Tiina Lipitsä ◽  
Armi Vihervaara ◽  
Rauno Harvima ◽  
...  

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with various comorbidities and diminished quality of life (QoL). Among dermatological conditions, HS is reported to most severely diminish QoL. This study aimed to analyse the health-related QoL (HRQoL) of patients with HS in more detail by using generic to disease-specific HRQoL questionnaires. Correlations between the HRQoL measures and HS disease severity measures were assessed. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analysed the HRQoL and clinical severity of patients with HS (<i>N</i> = 92) treated in 5 Finnish hospitals using HRQoL measurement tools most often used in dermatological clinics, as well as the generic 15D instrument (standardized and self-administered 15-dimensional measure of HRQoL). The disease severity was assessed using the Hurley stage, International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System, and disease severity evaluation by the investigator. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean 15D score of HS patients was low and comparable with that of patients with cancers. No correlation was found between HS severity measures and 15D score, indicating that even mild HS has a high impact on HRQoL. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings strengthen the understanding about HS as a debilitating disease and even compared with non-dermatological conditions and highlight the need of comprehensive care of patients with HS.


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