Micronectriella nivalis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Snow Mould

Abstract A description is provided for Micronectriella nivalis[Monographella nivalis]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The fungus is a serious pathogen of cereals (barley, wheat, rye) and grasses, especially in temperate regions where it may cause total loss of winter sown wheat and rye (43, 1873; 48, 3456). Tropical records, especially those on rice, need to be confirmed. DISEASE: Pre-emergence blight, root rot and occasionally head blight of cereals. Snow mould of turf. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, extremely widespread, USSR, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, N.E. and N.W. USA and Canada. Records have also been cited of its occurrence in India and West Africa (CMI Map 432, ed. 1, 1967). TRANSMISSION: By seed, soil, water and in summer by aerial dissemination of ascospores (48, 1628).

Fusarium poae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Poae

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium poae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Gramineae including cereals, sugarcane and rice. Also found on carnation, chrysanthemum, many Leguminosae and on seedlings of woody trees including conifers. DISEASE: Head blight or white cob-rot of maize, silver top or white head of cereals and grasses; central bud rot of chrysanthemum and carnation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Predominantly a fungus of temperate regions, it is widespread in Europe, the USSR and in northern USA and Canada. It has also been recorded in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By seed (46, 3404; 48, 2962). In the USSR it has frequently been found on both autumn and spring harvested grain (43, 3191). It may also be spread by soil, water or even with the aid of mites.

Phytophthora primulae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Stamps
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora primulae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primula, parsley. DISEASE: Brown core root rot of Primula. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australasia (New Zealand), Europe (Denmark, UK). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne carried from Primula seedling boxes to the field in soil adhering to roots or in roots of young plants (32, 315).

Pestalotiopsis funerea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Stem Blight

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis funerea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Coniferae, including Araucaria, Cedrus, Chamaecyparis, Cryptomeria, Cupressocyparis, Cupressus, Dacrydium, Ginkgo, Juniperus, Libocedrus, Pinus, Pseudotsuga and Thuja. DISEASE: Leaf and stem blight, occasionally canker or girdling, dieback and root-rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, Italy, Romania, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium); Africa (S. Africa, Kenya, Rhodesia, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia); Asia (USSR, Japan); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); America (Canada, Ecuador, USA, Bermuda). TRANSMISSION: Has been found in seed samples (35, 643) and isolated from soil, but no detailed studies have been reported.

Pythium erinaceum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Moist Soil

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium erinaceum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lupinus sp., Triticum aestivum. DISEASE: Possibly associated with a root rot complex of wheat; a facultatively necrotrophic plant pathogen. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australasia & Oceania; Australia (NSW), New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by zoospores in moist soil. Oospores may act as perennating structures.

Mycocentrospora acerina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Wide Host Range ◽  
Water Borne

Abstract A description is provided for Mycocentrospora acerina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A very wide host range (29, 364); parsley, celery, carrot and parsnip are among the most important economically. DISEASE: Pansy leaf spot; celery storage rot; root rot, canker and black crown rot of parsnip; liquorice rot of carrot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, Ireland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Netherlands, Poland, Rumania, USSR, Denmark); N. America (USA, Canada); Australia, New Zealand. TRANSMISSION By splash dispersed conidia; these are viable for short periods only (26, 133). Survival for longer periods is by infected debris and chlamydospores in the soil (23, 324; 45, 681; 52, 899). Water-borne spread is possible (49, 1526) and transmission on pansy seeds has been demonstrated (51, 422).

Cylindrocladium scoparium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Seedling Root

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium scoparium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A very wide host range, mainly of woody plants, including conifers, but also extending to beet, strawberry and watermelon. Particularly notable as a pathogen of young eucalyptus and pine. DISEASE: Damping-off, seedling root-rot, seedling blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide, including North America (USA, Canada), South America (Brazil, Argentina), West Indies (Jamaica), Australia and New Zealand, Asia (India, Japan, Malaysia), Africa. TRANSMISSION: By microsclerotia and infected debris in the soil and by airborne, splash-dispersed conidia.

Cochliobolus bicolor. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
East And West

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus bicolor. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Andropogon, Apluda, Brachiaria, Cymbopogon, Eleusine, Eragrostis, Melanocenchris, Oryza, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Setaria, Sorghum, Triticum, Urochloa, Zea, Zizania. Also isolated from a wide variety of other host plants and soil. DISEASE: Foot rot of wheat, zonate leaf spot of Pennisetum and seedborne (34: 324, 55: 1788, 60: 4427, 62: 4281). The disease is associated with the anamorph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, Canada, East and West Africa, Ethiopia, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, South Africa, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, USA, Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: By infected seeds and air-borne conidia.

Pyrenochaeta terrestris. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Infected Host ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Pyrenochaeta Terrestris

Abstract A description is provided for Pyrenochaeta terrestris. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Allium cepa; other species of Allium. DISEASE: Pink root of onion (Allium cepa), and also may cause disease in Welsh onion (A. fistulosum), leek (A. ampeloprasum), shallot (A. cepa var. aggregatum), garlic (A. sativum) and chive (A. schoenoprasum). Also, as a soil inhabitant, it is frequently isolated from the roots of many crops on which no disease is caused (20, 138; 22, 429; 23, 261; 25, 82; 33, 332; 45, 311; 47, 2119; 50, 136). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Egypt, Germany, Hong Kong, Mauritius, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, UK, USA, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Soil, water and the infected host.

Pyrenochaeta lycopersici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Corky Root ◽  
Quarterly Review ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Pyrenochaeta Lycopersici

Abstract A description is provided for Pyrenochaeta lycopersici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lycopersicon esculentum; also on Capsicum and Nicotiana. DISEASE: Brown root rot or corky root of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). In Europe it seems to occur only in crops grown in close succession under glass. The plants lack vigour, become stunted and give poor yields. There is a cortical rot of the fine and medium sized roots; larger roots become corky with swollen, cracked and furrowed bark, almost canker-like; finally the stem base may rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Canada, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Rumania, Scandinavia, UK (24, 78; 42, 491; 50, 3178; Last et al, NAAS Quarterly Review 62: 68, 1963). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. This fungus occurs in a sterile mycelial state within corky root of tomatoes and pycnidia have not been found in the natural state.

Trichocladium opacum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Debris

Abstract A description is provided for Trichocladium opacum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Betula, Castanea, Epilobium, Fagus, Fraxinus, Heterodera, Phragmites, Platanthera, Quercus, Ribes, Solanum, Spiraea. Also from leaf litter, soil, water and wood. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; encountered as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Pakistan. Australasia & Oceania: New Zealand. Europe: Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Eire, Spain UK. North America: Canada. TRANSMISSION: Presumably via conidia dispersed by air or water, or movement of infected soil or plant debris.

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