Gremmeniella abietina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam

Abstract A description is provided for Gremmeniella abietina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The host range is almost completely confined to species of spruce and pine. The following have been recorded: Picea abies, P. mariana, P. rubens, Pinus cembra, P. monticola, P. mugo, P. nigra var. austriaca, P. nigra var. maritima, P. pinaster, P. strobus, P. sylvestris, P. contorta, P. radiata, P. resinosa, P. sabiniana, P. banksiana, Pseudotsuga menziesii. DISEASE: Brunchorstia dieback of pines. The disease is typified by the death of the growing point and the apical needles of the lower branches of pine and spruce. Under severe conditions the disease can affect all the foliage of the host, which may die. The fungus forms pycnidia on infected terminal buds and at the base of needles. Trees 10-20 yr of age typically affected in Europe. It can also cause serious nursery losses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Scandinavia, Britain, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Austria, USSR, Finland); N. America (east Canada, north-east USA). (CMI Map 423, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: By conidia liberated from pycnidia on infected tissues under wet conditions, when they are dispersed by a splash mechanism. Ascospores appear to be relatively unimportant in the spread of the disease.

Author(s):  
D. W. Minter

Abstract A description is provided for Colpoma crispum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: On dead, rather brittle twigs of Picea abies, but usually attached but sometimes fallen by the time ascomata contain ascospores. Probably involved in self-pruning of the tree, but associated with lichen colonies unlike species of Therrya on Pinus (IMI Descriptions 1297 and 1298), and Colpoma on Quercus (IMI Description 942) which occur on twigs without lichen colonies. HOSTS: Juniperus virginiana (twig), Larix sp. (bark, twig), Picea abies (bark, twig), Picea sp. (bark), Pseudotsuga menziesii (twig). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Germany, Italy, Sweden, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), Ukraine, USA (Oregon). Unsuccessful searches in north-west Poland. Altitude records exist up to 950m (Ukraine). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.


Author(s):  
S. Diamandis

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Abies nobilis, A. pectinata, A. sibirica, Picea abies, P. engelmannii, P. glauca, P. mariana, P. omorica, P. orientalis, P. pungens, P. schrenkiana, P. sitchensis, Pinus austriaca, P. densiflora, P. excelsa, P. montana, P. mugo, P. nigra, P. strobus, P. thunbergii, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla. DISEASE: Needle blight of pine and spruce. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia Japan), Europe (Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Sweden), North America (Canada: Quebec, USA). TRANSMISSION: By splash-borne conidia.


Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon

Abstract A description is provided for Septonema secedens. Information on the host range (Betula pendula, B. alba [B. pubescens], Alnus sp., Ceanothus velutinus, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, Cornus alba, Pinus sylvestris, Picea sp., Pseudotsuga menziesii and Rosa sp.), geographical distribution (Alaska and Idaho, USA; Kazakhstan; Czech Republic; Denmark; Germany; Netherlands; Russia; Switzerland; and UK), and dispersal and transmission of the pathogen is presented.


Author(s):  
D. W. Minter

Abstract A description is provided for Xerotrema megalosporum, found on whitened old bare wood. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada (British Columbia), USA (Oregon, Washington), Greece, Irish Republic, Norway and UK) and hosts (Abies sp., Arctostaphylos sp., Picea abies, Pinus contorta, Pinus heldreichii, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sp., Pseudotsuga menziesii and Taxus baccata).


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Contarinia pseudotsugae Condrashoff (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Hosts: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belgium, France, Germany and Netherlands) and North America (Canada, British Columbia, USA, California, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Washington).


Author(s):  
Z. Kozakiewicz

Abstract A description is provided for Eurotium rubrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A xerotolerant species with the same host range as E. repens (IMI Sheet 1255). DISEASES: Not known to be a pathogen of animals or man, but the species has been isolated from human nails (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytophthora pseudotsugae Hamm & Hansen. Host: douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, USA, OR, WA.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rhabdocline pseudotsugae Syd. Hosts: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Britain, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Irish Republic, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia), USA.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins Coleoptera: Scolytidae Hosts: Mainly Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), also other Pseudotsuga spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Mexico, USA, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.


Author(s):  
D. W. Minter

Abstract C. sphaerale is described and illustrated. Information on host range (Manilkara bidentata, insects and artefacts), geographical distribution (Japan; Ontario, Canada; Massachusetts, USA; and Puerto Rico), and transmission is provided.


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