Improving Transungual Permeation Study Design by Increased Bovine Hoof Membrane Thickness and Subsequent Infection

Ungual formulations are regularly tested using human nails or animal surrogates in Franz diffusion cell experiments. Membranes sometimes less than 100 µm thick are used, disregarding the higher physiological thickness of human nails and possible fungal infection. In this study, bovine hoof membranes, healthy or infected with Trichophyton rubrum, underwent different imaging techniques highlighting that continuous pores traversed the entire membrane and infection resulted in fungal growth, both superficial, as well as in the membrane’s matrix. These membrane characteristics resulted in substantial differences in the permeation of the antifungal model substance bifonazole, depending on the dosage forms. Increasing the thickness of healthy membranes from 100 µm to 400 µm disproportionally reduced the permeated amount of bifonazole from the liquid and semisolid forms and allowed for a more pronounced assessment of the effects by excipients, such as urea as the permeation enhancer. Similarly, an infection of 400-µm membranes drastically increased the permeated amount. Therefore, the thickness and infection statuses of the membranes in the permeation experiments were essential for a differential readout, and standardized formulation-dependent experimental setups would be highly beneficial.

A Novel Non-Invasive Algorithm Using the concept of Nail Based Anemia Disease Detection

Anemia is a danger disease for the human life. If anemia diagnosis is not found in time than its very difficult to recover the patient specially in COVID-19 time it’s a deadly disease. As we know in this era 2020 COVID is create a huge change in human life that’s why after 2019 is called New life. As we know there is lots of approaches are there to identify the anemia, but there is very few approaches are there which are non-invasive, and those approaches are not good in terms of the quality of the result and most important they are not a good real time analysis system. So, in this paper we proposed a novel non-invasive algorithm which is able to detect the anemia using the human nails. In this approach we use computer vision, machine and deep learning concept and based on that only we decide the anemia level on any particular patient. Our propose approach is complete real time and this system is able to provide result in very less time. Key Words:Invasive, Non-Invasive, SPO2, Hardware, Device.

Human Nails Permeation of an Antifungal Candidate Hydroalcoholic Extract from the Plant Sapindus saponaria L. Rich in Saponins

We evaluated a hydroalcoholic extract of Sapindus saponaria L. pericarps (ETHOSS), as a candidate to a topical antifungal medicine for onychomycosis. ETHOSS was produced by extracting the crushed fruits in ethanol. The saponin contents were identified and characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. We measured the in vitro antifungal activity against three dermatophyte fungi, isolated from onychomycosis: Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and T. interdigitale, using broth microdilution tests. The minimum fungicide concentration of ETHOSS ranged from 195.31 to 781.25 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of the crude extract was tested on the HeLa cell line, and its ability to permeate into healthy human nails by photoacoustic spectroscopy and Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection. Besides its strong antifungal activity, ETHOSS showed low cytotoxicity in human cells. It was able to permeate and reach the full thickness of the nail in one hour, without the aid of facilitating vehicles, and remained there for at least 24 h. These results suggest that ETHOSS has great potential for treating onychomycosis.

Electron spin resonance signal of human nails: increase after irradiation

We report the phenomenon whereby the electron spin resonance signal of human nails intensify after irradiation. Forty nail samples from three donors were divided into three groups (X-ray irradiated, γ-ray irradiated, and control). The extent of signal intensified after irradiation was proportional to the given dose under 11% humidity at 20 °C. This result seemed to contradict previous studies, reporting signal fading. Based on literature and our experimental results, we constructed a model taking both the decay and increase into consideration. Our investigation revealed that rapid deterioration in the signal intensity obscured the increase at humidity levels exceeding 40%.

Pemanfaatan Sampah Bahan Habis Pakai Non-Medis Laboratorium Ketrampilan Klinik (SKILLS LAB) Sebagai Modifikasi Alat Peraga Sederhana Skill Mandiri

The Skills Lab is a facility where students can practice the skills they need, which is not a real context between doctor and patient. Practicum in the Clinical Skills Laboratory and OSCE uses non-infectious non-medical consumables. The stages of making modification props are carried out in several stages including: collecting and sorting non-infectious non-medical consumables. Disinfection of non-medical consumables that are non-infectious with antiseptics. The produced props include gloves used as prepuce in circumcision beads. Modified infusion plastic bottles resemble human nails we use for nail extraction skills. The IV line can be modified as a vein in the bead, this is used for the sexy vein skill in the beaded IV. Abocart needle (neddle) is used for NGT or usually called sonde for experimental animals. Rubber infusion hose is used as an LED tube rubber ball in Clinical Pathology practicum.