Analysis of climatic data and forecast indices for human fascioliasis at very high altitude

1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 835-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Fuentes ◽  
M. A. Valero ◽  
M. D. Bargues ◽  
J. G. Esteban ◽  
R. Angles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Human Fascioliasis ◽  
Very High

Fasciola hepatica and lymnaeid snails occurring at very high altitude in South America

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MAS-COMA ◽  
I. R. FUNATSU ◽  
M. D. BARGUES
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Human Fascioliasis ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Very High

Fascioliasis due to the digenean species Fasciola hepatica has recently proved to be an important public health problem, with human cases reported in countries of the five continents, including severe symptoms and pathology, with singular epidemiological characteristics, and presenting human endemic areas ranging from hypo- to hyperendemic. One of the singular epidemiological characteristics of human fascioliasis is the link of the hyperendemic areas to very high altitude regions, at least in South America. The Northern Bolivian Altiplano, located at very high altitude (3800–4100 m), presents the highest prevalences and intensities of human fascioliasis known. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacers ITS-1 and ITS-2 of the nuclear ribosomal DNA of Altiplanic Fasciola hepatica and the intermediate snail host Lymnaea truncatula suggest that both were recently introduced from Europe. Studies were undertaken to understand how the liver fluke and its lymnaeid snail host adapted to the extreme environmental conditions of the high altitude and succeeded in giving rise to high infection rates. In experimental infections of Altiplanic lymnaeids carried out with liver fluke isolates from Altiplanic sheep and cattle, the following aspects were studied: miracidium development inside the egg, infectivity of miracidia, prepatent period, shedding period, chronobiology of cercarial emergence, number of cercariae shed by individual snails, survival of molluscs at the beginning of the shedding process, survival of infected snails after the end of the shedding period and longevity of shedding and non-shedding snails. When comparing the development characteristics of European F. hepatica and L. truncatula, a longer cercarial shedding period and a higher cercarial production were observed, both aspects related to a greater survival capacity of the infected lymnaeid snails from the Altiplano. These differences would appear to favour transmission and may be interpreted as strategies associated with adaptation to high altitude conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison Between Pressure Swing Adsorption and Liquid Oxygen Enrichment Techniques in the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array Facility at the Chajnantor Plateau (5,050 m)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Lopez ◽  
Reinaldo Aravena ◽  
Daniel Soza ◽  
Alicia Morales ◽  
Silvia Riquelme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Oxygen Enrichment ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Pressure Swing ◽  
Very High

The Chilean workforce has over 200,000 people that are intermittently exposed to altitudes over 4,000 m. In 2012, the Ministry of Health provided a technical guide for high-altitude workers that included a series of actions to mitigate the effects of hypoxia. Previous studies have shown the positive effect of oxygen enrichment at high altitudes. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) radiotelescope operates at 5,050 m [Array Operations Site (AOS)] and is the only place in the world where pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and liquid oxygen technologies have been installed at a large scale. These technologies reduce the equivalent altitude by increasing oxygen availability. This study aims to perform a retrospective comparison between the use of both technologies during operation in ALMA at 5,050 m. In each condition, variables such as oxygen (O2), temperature, and humidity were continuously recorded in each AOS rooms, and cardiorespiratory variables were registered. In addition, we compared portable O2 by using continuous or demand flow during outdoor activities at very high altitudes. The outcomes showed no differences between production procedures (PSA or liquid oxygen) in regulating oxygen availability at AOS facilities. As a result, big-scale installations have difficulties reaching the appropriate O2 concentration due to leaks in high mobility areas. In addition, the PSA plant requires adequacy and maintenance to operate at a very high altitude. A continuous flow of 2–3 l/min of portable O2 is recommended at 5,050 m.

scholarly journals SAFETY OF USE OF HIGH ALTITUDE PROTECTION SUITS FOR KINESITHERAPY – PRELIMINARY REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Maciej Abakumow ◽  
◽  
Krzysztof Kowalczuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Pressure Increase ◽  
Blood Pressure Increase ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
Very High

Abstract: Apart from protection from very high altitude or influence of increased gravitational accelerations protective suits sometimes are used for another applications like supporting kinesitherapy. Because of some safety considerations connected with possible cardiovascular system overload and dangerous blood pressure increase we tested if these concerns are valid. Main aim ot presented research performed with participation of healthy volunteers was to confirm that use of High Altitude Protection (HAP) suit is safe in terms of increased cardiovascular.

scholarly journals A NEW COCCID FROM CALIFORNIA AT A VERY HIGH ALTITUDE

1902 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 193-194
Author(s):  
Edw. M. Ehrhorn
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Salmon Pink ◽  
Anal Ring ◽  
Orange Colour ◽  
Very High

Exæretopus caricis, n. sp.Adult ♀ salmon pink, shiny, about 2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, elongage oval. Legs and antennæ light brown. ♀ secretes a mass of cotton all over her body, becoming so dense as to completely envelope the entire body, looking more like and elongated Eriococcus. This secretion extends caudad, forming a large egg-sac, which, including the whole insect, measures from 4 to 5 mm. Eggs salmon pink. Yound larvæ orange colour. Adult ♀ after boiling in K.O.H.derm remains light brown. Margin beset with fine, short, straight spines, incisions having two stout curved spines. There are numerous short conical spines scatterd over the derm with irregular rows of long fine hairs. Anal plates large and thick, each with four shor, stout spines. Anal ring with six very long, stout hairs, which extend to caudal end of plates. Antennæ long, slender, tapering, 8-jonted. Joint 3 always longest and joint 7 always shortet, each joint with one or more fine hairs, joint 8 with several long hairs.

Corneal Thickness Changes in Very-High-Altitude Mountaineers

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Mader ◽  
L. J. White
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Very High

Very high altitude tethered balloon feasibility study

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Euler ◽  
Surjit Badesha ◽  
Larry Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Tethered Balloon ◽  
Very High
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