Comparison of organic matter content with soil color for silt loam soils of Indiana

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1271-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Steinhardt ◽  
D. P. Franzmeier
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Color

The influence of surfactant and organic matter content on wetting pattern of different non-water repellent soils

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Chaichi ◽  
Marcus Turcios ◽  
Mina Rostamza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Wetting Pattern

Non-ionic surfactants have been well researched as a tool to ameliorate water repellent conditions. However, few studies have evaluated the risks and benefits of non-ionic surfactant applications in wettable soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a surfactant in modifying the wetting pattern in soils of different textures and organic matter contents. The experimental treatments consisted of (1) four different soil textures including sandy, sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silt loam, (2) four different organic matter contents (0.2, 0.7, 1.2 and 1.7% by weight), and (3) irrigation water treatments with or without surfactant (IrrigAid Gold). The experiment was carried out in Plexiglas boxes with one drip emitter under the soil surface. The results demonstrated the superiority of surfactant application on increasing water distribution in the soil profile for all soil textural classes. Silt loam texture had the highest side wetted area and wetting depth 45min after the initiation of irrigation. Upward capillary water movement and top wetted area significantly decreased in the surfactant treatment across all soil textures except in sandy soil. As organic matter content increased, top wetted area decreased. These findings clarified the potential ability of surfactant in increasing water infiltration in non-repellent soil in an in vitro system.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DITHIOPYR, SEED PLACEMENT. AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT ON GROWTH OF TOLERANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE WEEDS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 587f-587
Author(s):  
Nanik Setyowati ◽  
Leslie A. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Loam Soil

Dithiopyr (Dimension, Monsanto) is a turfgrass herbicide currently under evaluation for use in ornamentals. Granular herbicide depth and seed placement were evaluated in greenhouse studies with tolerant or susceptible weeds. Dithiopyr was applied preemergence to weeds at the rate of 2.24 kg/ha to Maury silt loam soil. Weed seeds were planted routinely at 0.64 cm depth. Dithiopyr placed at the soil surface or 0.64 cm in depth caused the greatest injury to seedlings, followed by dithiopyr at 1.28 cm depth. Dithiopyr at 2.54 and 3.81 cm below the surface had no effect upon seedling growth. When seeding depth was investigated, seed placed at 0.64, 1.28 or 1.91 cm below the surface showed greatest seedling injury when dithiopyr was routinely applied at 0.64 cm depth. Seed placement on the soil surface resulted in the least injury to weeds. Peat moss was added to Maury silt loam soil and to sand to investigate the influence of organic matter upon activity. Soil with 2% peat resulted in the least injury to selected weed seedlings while sand, and sand plus up to 3% peat showed greatest injury. Sand amended with 5 and 6% peat also resulted in less injury to weed seedlings. Ivy leaf morningglory and KY 31 fescue were most tolerant of dithiopyr while barnyardgrass and large crabgrass were most sensitive. Dithiopyr uptake, translocation and metabolism studies will be conducted with susceptible and tolerant weed and woody ornamental species.

Methazole Adsorption-Desorption in Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Koskinen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Degradation Data ◽  
Hysteretic Effect ◽  
Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Apparent Equilibrium

Adsorption and desorption of14C-methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] were characterized on two silt loam soils (Dundee and Palouse; 0.7 and 3.0% organic matter, respectively) using the batch equilibration technique. Freundlich adsorption isotherm coefficients (Kfand l/n) were calculated after equilibration of methazole solutions (initial concentrations = 0.11 to 4.10 nmol/ml) with soil for various times. After a rapid attainment of an apparent equilibrium,14C- concentration in solution for the Palouse soil decreased at a low rate. The greater adsorption (Kf) on the Palouse soil, for a given equilibration period, was attributed to the greater organic matter content. The continued trend of increase in apparent Kfwith time was due to degradation of methazole in solution to 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (DCPMU), which was highly adsorbed, rather than to increased adsorption of the parent compound. The calculated adsorption coefficients expressed in terms of soil organic carbon would classify methazole and DCPMU as immobile in Palouse soil and methazole as slightly mobile in Dundee soil. Calculated desorption isotherms, which exhibited a hysteretic effect, were also dependent on the rate of methazole degradation. The adsorption, desorption, and degradation data indicate that methazole would not leach readily in most soils.

Microbial and Photolytic Dissipation of Imazaquin in Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Basham ◽  
T. L. Lavy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Quinolinecarboxylic Acid

Microbial degradation of imazaquin {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid} was monitored by measuring14CO2evolution for 7 months under controlled laboratory conditions. Up to 10% of the14C chain-labeled imazaquin that was applied to a Crowley silt loam was evolved as14CO2in 7 months. Less evolution of14CO2occurred on a Sharkey silty clay, a soil with higher clay and organic matter content, than on silt loam soils. The loss of 66 to 100% of the imazaquin applied to a Crowley silt loam incubated for 8 months at 18 C or 35 C, respectively, suggested that metabolic changes in addition to CO2evolution were occurring. Rapid loss of imazaquin phytotoxicity occurred when soils were held at warm-moist (35 C and −33 kPa) conditions conducive to microbial growth. Imazaquin was more persistent in soils stored under cool, dry (18 C and −100 kPa) conditions. Imazaquin on a soil surface dissipated rapidly when exposed to ultraviolet light or sunlight. Photodecomposition could be a major mode of imazaquin dissipation if this herbicide is allowed to remain on the soil surface.

Adsorption, Desorption, and Leaching of Diphenamid in Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Deli ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Soil Mixtures ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Leaching ofN,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid) was measured with bioassays in three soils; a fine sand, a silt loam, and a muck. The movement of diphenamid was reduced as the clay or the organic matter content of these soils increased. Efficiency of organic matter for adsorption of diphenamid decreased as the organic matter content of soil mixtures increased. Clay (bentonite) was less efficient than organic matter in adsorbing diphenamid. Desorption of diphenamid from muck soil was very slow.

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

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