Comparing seasonal streamflow forecast systems for management of a fresh water reservoir in the Netherlands

For efficient management of the Dutch surface water reservoir Lake IJssel, (sub)seasonal forecasts of the water volumes going in and out of the reservoir are potentially of great interest. Here, streamflow forecasts were analyzed for the river Rhine at Lobith, which is partly routed through the river IJssel, the main influx into the reservoir. We analyzed multiple seasonal forecast data sets derived from EFAS, E-HYPE and HTESSEL, which differ in their underlying hydrological formulation, but are all forced with similar input from the ECMWF SEAS5 meteorological forecasts. We post-processed the streamflow forecasts using quantile matching (QM) and analyzed several forecast quality metrics. Forecast performance was assessed based on the available reforecast period, as well as on individual summer seasons. QM increased forecast skill for nearly all metrics evaluated. Particularly HTESSEL, a land surface scheme that is not optimized for hydrology, needed the largest correction. Averaged over the reforecast period, forecasts were skillful for the longest lead times in spring and early summer. For this period, E-HYPE showed the highest skill; Later in summer, however, skill deteriorated after 1–2 months. When investigating specific years with either low or high flow conditions, forecast skill increased with the extremity of the event. Although raw forecasts for both E-HYPE and EFAS were more skilful than HTESSEL, bias correction based on QM can significantly reduce the difference. In operational mode, the three forecast systems show comparable skill. In general, dry conditions can be forecasted with high success rates up to three months ahead, which is very promising for successful use of Rhine streamflow forecasts in downstream reservoir management.

Avoiding water reservoir effects in ALD of functional complex alkali oxides by using O3 as the oxygen source

Toxic Pb-containing piezo-, pyro- and ferroelectrics continue to dominate the market even though they were banned from use in consumer products more than a decade ago. There is a strong...

50 year rainfall data analysis and future trend in Saharanpur region

The environmental implications of rainfall pattern in replenishment of ground water system of Saharanpur region, located in western Uttar Pradesh, have been discussed. The mathematical analysis of rainfall dissimilarity of Saharanpur region for a period of 50 year (1959 to 2008) display a quite good range from 497.70 to 4357.5 mm with an annual average rainfall value of 1209.8 mm. The positive trend of departure from the computer value of average annual rainfall exhibits appropriate periods for recharge of ground water reservoir. The recorded data of annual rainfall during the last 3 year reveal values below the calculated annual average rainfall, pointing out negative trend. The statistical analysis of rainfall data involves computations of various statistical parameters, which also support the negative trend of rainfall. The prediction of expected future rainfall trend for a period up to 2018 has been made, which indicates a negative trend. The proposal have been incorporated to implement a plan for augmentation of ground water resource and also to develop possibilities of rainwater harvesting.

Characteristics of perch fish diet in small lake of Lake Onega catchment area

Fish feeding process is studied as one of the links in the transformation of the energy of a water reservoir, as one of the factors that determine the ecology of fish and make an imprint on the morphology, physiology and behavior of fish, or as one of the criteria, which help the most rationally use natural resources of the water bodies. The results of work carried out by the Northern Water Problems Institute (NWPI KarRC RAS) and Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU) within the framework of state assignments, forecast problems and economic contractual topics on assessing the nutrition of perch species (perch, ruff) in some lakes of the Konchezero group (South Karelia), in particular Lake Munozero, which is part of the lower reaches of the river Shuya belonging to the catchment area of Lake Onega. The work was carried out by the experts from the IWPS KarRC RAS and PetrSU in 2018-2020. Its main hydrological and ichthyological indicators have been studied. The reconnaissance fish productivity of Lake Munozero based on the development of the forage base at the present stage is estimated as 9 kg/ha. The feeding spectra of ruff and perch in the lake overlap only with respect to eggs, the ruff using eggs more actively. Predation is peculiar only to perch, while even fish whose size is less than 14 cm (the average size of the transition to predation for Karelia) hunt at a time when there is a lot of other food in the reservoir. As the perch passes to summer feeding, its diet becomes more diverse. Some benthic organisms are replaced by others, an air fraction appears, the perch's diet includes fish in summer and spring; nutrition becomes more active: the average stomach fullness index increases from 7.3 to 145.6‰.

STATE OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VORONEZH RESERVOIR IN THE PLACES OF WATER DISCHARGE FROM THE TREATMENT FACILITIES OF THE CITY OF VORONEZH

Рассмотрена проблема загрязнения Воронежского водохранилища в пределах Воронежской городской агломерации, в местах сброса вод с очистных сооружений предприятий левого берега. В работе использованы результаты количественного химического анализа донных отложений, выполненных на базе эколого-аналитической лаборатории факультета географии, геоэкологии и туризма Воронежского госуниверситета, а также данные мониторинга, предоставленных Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере природопользования и Департаментом природных ресурсов и экологии Воронежской области. База данных включает результаты наблюдений с 2000 по 2021 год. По составу осадков прослежена история аккумуляции загрязнителей, выделены проблемные зоны водоема в каждом исследуемом периоде. Выполнен пространственно-временной анализ содержаний загрязняющих веществ, рассчитаны «кларки концентрации» тяжелых металлов, по которым для каждой точки наблюдения в порядке возрастания значения признака построен ранжированный ряд. На основании лабораторных исследований и результатов их статистической обработки с применением корреляционного анализа сделаны выводы о перспективах существования и развития Воронежского водохранилища. Проверены корреляционные связи между «кларками концентрации» и суммой выпавших осадков за календарный и за гидрологический год. По содержаниям сероводорода в различные годы, сделаны выводы о диапазоне колебания концентраций и формировании цикличного процесса. Выделена зона устойчивой деградации водоема. Ее формирование происходит выше и ниже сброса с городских очистных сооружений левого берега города. Результаты многолетних наблюдений за качеством донных отложений указывают на значительную техногенную нагрузку со стороны Воронежской городской агломерации. Недостаточная очистка воды, медленная скорость течения и турбулентность природной воды ускоряет процесс естественного эвтрофирования водоема. The author considers the problem of pollution of the Voronezh water reservoir within the Voronezh urban agglomeration, in places of discharge of water from the treatment facilities of enterprises of the left bank. The paper uses the results of quantitative chemical analysis of bottom sediments performed on the basis of the ecological and analytical laboratory of the Faculty of Geography, Geoecology and Tourism of Voronezh State University, as well as monitoring data provided by the Federal Service for Supervision of Nature Management and the Department of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Voronezh Region. The database includes the results of monitoring from 2000 till 2021. On the basis of the composition of precipitation the author detected the history of accumulation of pollutants; as well she identified problem areas of the water reservoir in every study period. The author performed a spatio-temporal analysis of the contents of pollutants, calculated the "concentration clarkes" of heavy metals, according to which she created an ordered series for each observation point in ascending order of the attribute value. Based on laboratory studies and results of their statistical processing using correlation analysis the author draws some conclusions concerning the prospects for the Voronezh water reservoir existence and development. The correlations between the "concentration clarkes" and the amount of precipitation for the calendar and hydrological year have been verified. Based on the hydrogen sulfide content in different years, the author concludes about the range of concentration fluctuations and the formation of a cyclic process. She identified the zone of stable degradation of the water reservoir. Its formation occurs above and below the discharge from the municipal sewage treatment plants of the left bank of the city. The results of long-term observations of the quality of bottom sediments indicate a significant anthropogenic load on the part of the Voronezh urban agglomeration. Insufficient water purification, slow flow velocity and turbulence of natural water accelerate the process of natural eutrophication of the water reservoir.

A Biological Method of Treating Surface Water Contaminated with Industrial Waste Leachate

The progressive chemicalization of all areas of everyday life and the development of the industry cause the appearance of various types of pollutants, both in groundwater and surface waters. Kalina Pond (Świętochłowice, Poland) is an example of a degraded water reservoir as a result of many years of activity, among others hard coal mines, storing metallurgical waste by zinc plants, and the activities of the Hajduki Chemical Plants from Chorzów. Inadequate securing of waste heaps resulted in the penetration of pollutants, i.e., phenol, petroleum compounds, PAHs, cyanides, and heavy metals. The aim of the research was to determine the suitability of biopreparations for the removal of pollutants. The research used a bacterial biopreparation from BioArcus, “DBC plus type R5”, to remove petroleum compounds and phenol. Then, in order to restore the microbiological balance, “ACS ODO-1” from the biopreparation was used. The research was carried out in laboratory conditions, using three variants: direct dosing of biopreparations, dosing of biopreparations previously activated by multiplication on the medium, and dosing of biopreparations into water after filtration on a diatomite bed. The optimal method of recultivating water from a reservoir was to filter this water through a diatomite bed and then dose the multiplied bacteria. After the filtration process, the obtained percentage of TOC reduction allowed for the rapid development of microorganisms from the biopreparation, despite the 100 times lower dose used. In addition, the application of lyophilized biopreparation to contaminated water resulted in a very fast biodegradation effect of pollutants, despite the high concentration of numerous toxic compounds.

The Influence of Main Factors on Deepwater Sediments

Western Siberia is a unique petroleum basin with exclusive geological objects. Those objects allow us to test various methods of sequence stratigraphy, systematization and evaluation approaches for reservoir characterization of deep-water sediments. Different methods have potential to decrease geological uncertainty and predict distribution and architecture of deep-water sandstone reservoir. There are many different parameters that could be achieved through analysis of clinoform complex. Trajectories of shelf break, volume of sediment supply and topography of basin influence on architecture of deep-water reservoir. Based on general principles of sequence stratigraphy, three main trajectories changes shelf break might be identified: transgression, normal regression and forced regression. And each of them has its own distinctive characteristics of deepwater reservoir. However, to properly assess the architecture of deepwater reservoir and potential of it, numerical characteristics are necessary. In our paper, previously described parameters were analyzed for identification perspective areas of Achimov formation in Western Siberia and estimation of geological uncertainty for unexplored areas. In 1996 Helland-Hansen W., Martinsen O.J. [5] described different types of shoreline trajectory. In 2002 Steel R.J., Olsen T. [11] adopted types of shoreline trajectory for identification of truncation termination. O. Catuneanu (2009) [1] summarize all information with implementation basis of sequence stratigraphy. Over the past decade, many geoscientists have used previously published researches to determine relationship between geometric structures of clinoforms and architecture of deep-water sediments and its reservoir quality. Significant amount of publications has allowed to form theoretical framework for the undersanding sedimentation process and geometrical configuration of clinoforms. However, there is still no relationship between sequence stratigraphy framework of clinoroms and reservoir quality and its uncertainty, which is necessary for new area evaluation.