The content of heavy metals in the raw materials of some representatives of the genus Paeonia L. in an urbanized environment

At present, heavy metals are generally recognized as priority soil pollutants, while the most active pollutants are their mobile forms, which can pass from solid phases into soil solutions and be absorbed by plants. It is known that the vegetative mass of agricultural crops is capable of accumulating large amounts of heavy metals. Ornamental flower crops, which firmly occupy their ecological niche, are practically not considered from this point of view. The aim of this work was to study the features of the accumulation of heavy metals in the aboveground and underground organs of some representatives of the genus Paeonia L. in the urbanized environment of the city of Ufa. The objects of research were four species ( P. peregrina Mill., P. lactiflora Pall., P. lactiflora f. rosea, P. delavayi Franch.) (Family Paeoniaceae Rudolphi) and three varieties of hybrid peony (Appassionata, Mustai Karim, Jeanne dArc). The study of the elemental composition of the aboveground and underground parts was carried out according to the method Determination of As, Pb, Cd, Sn, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni in samples of food products and food raw materials by the atomic absorption method with electrothermal atomization. Mathematical data processing was carried out using generally accepted methods of variation statistics using the AgCStat software package in the form of an Excel add-in. Eight element studies are presented for each raw material group. Quantitative indicators of elements are given in mmol/kg of air-dry raw materials. It was revealed that in the studied samples the copper content was 4.152520.00 times higher than that of other elements. The minimum concentrations of arsenic (0.00350.0064 mmol/kg), chromium (0.00190.0046 mmol/ kg), manganese (0.01740.0219 mmol/ kg) and iron (0.00590.0125 mmol/ kg) were noted in the roots; lead (0.0030.037 mmol/kg), cadmium (0.00020.001 mmol/kg) and copper (0.14770.2134 mmol/kg) - in the leaves; nickel (0.00820.0179 mmol/kg) - in the flowers of the studied paeonies. The maximum content of arsenic (0.00620.0123 mmol/kg) and chromium (0.00280.0063 mmol/kg) was found in the leaves; lead (0.00270.0223 mmol/kg), nickel (0.01670.0209 mmol/kg), manganese (0.01730.0212 mmol/kg) and iron (0.00870.0138 mmol/kg) - in stems; cadmium (0.00020.0009 mmol/kg) and copper (0.1440.244 mmol/kg) - in flowers. Therefore, cutting paeonies in the autumn before retirement avoids the accumulation of these microelements in the soil. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the absolute values of the concentrations of the studied elements in the considered taxon of paeonies correlate with each other to a moderate and strong degree.

The effects of silt fields of Bortnytska aeration station on ecological state of land and water in the adjacent areas

The article highlights the results of research on assessing the ecological state of the land near the silt fields №1 and №3 of Bortnytska aeration station in the Zolochiv village community of Boryspil district in Kyiv region. The presence of previously recorded increased content of heavy metals in soils compared to the background content, both in terms of their gross content and the content of mobile forms was confirmed within the certain areas near the silt fields. For the elements-pollutants (Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb) at some points within the agricultural land, exceeding the values ​​of their gross content and the content of mobile forms (Zn, Cu) of the maximum permissible concentrations was recorded at 1.1-6.2 and 1.1 -2.6 times, respectively. The average values ​​of heavy metals content for floodplains (settlement) and agricultural land near silt fields indicate their prevailing values ​​for the latter in almost all elements, as well as exceeding the background values ​​and maximum permissible concentrations for the land where silt deposits were previously applied as fertilizers. Within the surveyed areas, soils are classified as unsalted, but the increased content of exchangeable magnesium may adversely affect soil fertility. Increased mineralization and content of ammonium and nitrates in groundwater are observed near silt fields, which is obviously related to the impact of silt water and can lead to deterioration of groundwater quality in the area of ​​their transit and discharge, in particular within the village Gnidyn. The area of ​​land with an extremely dangerous pollution rate in terms of total heavy metal is about 300 hectares, with a dangerous pollution rate is 260 hectares, and the estimated damage from crop failure may be 1.65 million UAH/year and 0.3 million UAH/year respectively. Within the areas adjacent to the silt fields, the condition of soils, water resources, cultivated products and the health of the population should be constantly monitored, especially when using the polluted land for agricultural use or housing.

Complex Analysis of Data from Agrochemical and Soil-Erosion Monitoring Using Geoinformation Systems

The article describes a comprehensive analysis of agrochemical and soil erosion monitoring data, using the example of the Alekseevsky district of the Belgorod region with the use of a geoinformation system. The GIS automatically generates tables with data grouped by various characteristics: soil type, degree of erosion, slope steepness and exposure. The content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, organic matter, and the level of soil acidity in the context of the district in areas with different exposures, the degree of erosion and the steepness of the slope was analyzed. The most productive soils are located on the plain, followed by the slopes of the northern exposure, neutral, then southern. Erosion processes occur more strongly mainly on the slopes of the southern exposure, and the northern slopes are characterized by humidity. Down the slope, the nutrient content decreases, the level of soil acidity increases.

Correlations between the elemental composition of grapes, soils of the viticultural area and wine

Study of the elemental composition of the soil-grape-wine chain and correlation relationships between the chain links is presented. The objects of the study were grapes of the Muscat, Cabernet and Merlot varieties, wine samples produced from them and soils of the viticultural areas. Concentrations of Li, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, Pb, Ba, Na, Ti and Sr in soils, grapes and wines were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Relationships between the elemental composition of the objects under study were assessed by statistical modelling using the STATISTICA software. The character of metal distribution in the soil-grape chain was studied for three forms of the element extraction from soils. We determined their gross content, the content of acid-soluble and mobile forms. The degree of absorption of mobile forms of metals by grapes was estimated using «biological absorption coefficient»., Values of the biological absorption coefficient (BAC) of different metals depend on the grape variety. High BAC values are observed for Rb, Ti, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, Fe, Al, and Sr in Merlot grapes; K, Pbm and Ni in Muscat; and for V and Mn in Cabernet. The lowest BAC values were observed for Co, Ba, and Ca in all grape varieties under study. Each grape variety formed its own individual elemental image due to the different nature of absorption of the studied metals. The transfer of metals from grape to wine for all considered varieties was accompanied by a decrease in the concentrations of Mg, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Ba, Ti, and Sr and by an increase in the content of V, Fe, Co, Pb, and Na. Discriminant analysis revealed the metals with the highest identification properties, considering their form present in the soil. The results obtained can be used when setting markers determining the varietal and regional origin of wines.

Scenario model to forecast behavior of intrusive plant communities in response to control effects in arid agriculture

The presence of large areas of anthropogenic transformation of plant communities with a potentially negative impact on adjacent territories makes it relevant to develop various methods for automated monitoring and modeling of processes occurring in these ecosystems. Based on the results of previous studies of phytocoenoses, the authors selected four groups of indicators for constructing a scenario model: integral characteristics of intrusive plant communities (IPC), including those obtained by using remote dynamic methods; integral indicators of the negative impact of IPC on the adjacent agro-ecosystem; indicators of the distribution of mobile forms of trace elements in the soil; and indicators of soil microbiota. As the result, a hypothetical formula is obtained that allows, with minimal impact on the biosystem of technogenic IPC, to sufficiently reduce its adverse impact on the adjacent agro-ecosystem. Further refinement and dissemination of the scenario model and its connection to databases on plant communities will automatically change the values of the coefficients in the solving equations, thereby providing the most accurate and reliable forecast of the response of agro-ecosystems to various control actions.

The system of mineral nutrition of tomatoes in the Astrakhan region

The article considers the characteristics of tomato vegetable culture when growing it in the open ground in the soil and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region. The total demand of tomatoes for macronutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the context of the planned yield from 40 to 100 tons per hectare, taking into account the availability of mobile forms of nutrients in the soil, is shown. The average doses of the main fertilizer application during the preparation of the soil for tomatoes, the timing and doses of fertilizing tomatoes with nitrogen fertilizers when they are applied with fertigation during sprinkling and the fertigation program for drip irrigation of tomatoes for processing are presented.

The effect of organic fertilizers on the physico-chemical and agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soils

Studies of the effect of litter chicken manure applied in doses of 500-1000 t/ha showed a significant increase in the humus content in soils up to 2.8-5.2%, led to an increase in the content of thermophilic microflora in soils up to 12 · 105 CFU/ g, to an increase in the content of mobile phosphates up to 1200 mg/kg. However, the content of mobile forms of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni) also increased. The increase in humus content in soils positively correlated with the content of mobile phosphates (r up to 0.5). Keywords: SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, FERTILIZERS, CHICKEN MANURE, AGROCHEMICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL SOIL PROPERTIES