Spectrochemical Investigations of Preferential Solvation. Part 3. Extension of the Khossravi-Connors-Skwierczynski Two-Step Competitive Solvation Model to Fluorescence Emission Behavior of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvent Polarity Probes Dissolved in Binary Solvent Mixtures

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Acree ◽  
Sheryl A. Tucker ◽  
Denise C. Wilkins ◽  
Jason M. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Preferential Solvation ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Solvation Model ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Emission Behavior

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solute Probes: Effect of Solvent Polarity on the Ovalene and Benzo[ghi]perylene Fluorescence Emission Fine Structures

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1525-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Waris ◽  
Michael A. Rembert ◽  
David M. Sellers ◽  
William E. Acree ◽  
Kenneth W. Street ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Fluorescence Properties ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Made In

Fluorescence properties of benzo[ghi]perylene (BPe) and ovalene (Ov) dissolved in 25 solvents of varying polarity are reported. Measurements indicate that emission intensities depend on solvent polarity. The BPe and Ov solvent polarity scales are defined as the ratio of the fluorescence emission intensities of bands I and III of the vibronic spectra. Benzo[ghi]perylene and ovalene solute probes enable fluorescence measurements to be made in spectral regions less prone to solvent inner filtering and other artifacts which have hampered the use of pyrene (Py) as a polarity probe molecule.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solute Probes. Part IV: Effect of Solvent Polarity on the Fluorescence Emission Fine Structures of Select Pyrene and Pentaphene Derivatives

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Waris ◽  
Kenneth W. Street ◽  
William E. Acree ◽  
John C. Fetzer
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
Calculated Intensity

Fluorescence properties of benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a)pyrene, dibenzo[a,ejpyrene (naphtho[1,2,3,4def]chrysene), 1-chloropyrene, tribenzo[de, kl,rst]pentaphene, dinaphtho[2,1,8,7defg,2′,1,8′,7'ijkl]pentaphene, benz [rst]anthra[9,1,2cde]pentaphene, and dibenzo[fg,ij]phenanthro[2,1,10,9,8,7pqrstuv]pentaphene dissolved in solvents of varying polarity are reported. Measurements indicate that emission intensities of benzo[e)pyrene (BePy) and dibenzophenanthropentaphene (DBPP) depend on solvent polarity. Two new polarity scales are defined, BePy = I/IV and DBPP = I/II, on the basis of the ratio of the fluorescence intensities of select vibronic bands. For fluorescence spectra for the remaining six compounds studied, either the spectra were not clearly resolvable or the calculated intensity ratios remained nearly constant, irrespective of solvent polarity.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic Investigation of Fluorescence Quenching Agents. Part III: Effect of Solvent Polarity on the Selectivity of Nitromethane for Discriminating between Alternant versus Nonalternant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl A. Tucker ◽  
William E. Acree ◽  
John C. Fetzer ◽  
Ronald G. Harvey ◽  
Mary J. Tanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Fluorescence Emission Spectra ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Organic Nonelectrolyte ◽  
Emission Behavior

To better assess the applicability of nitromethane as a selective quenching agent for alternant versus nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in HPLC, TLC, and HPTLC analysis, we measured the effect that it has on the fluorescence emission behavior of 96 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dissolved in binary toluene/acetonitrile solvent mixtures. Results of these measurements revealed that the “selective quenching” rule is obeyed for the vast majority of PAHs, with the coronene derivatives being the only major exceptions. Fluorescence emission spectra are also reported for benzo[g]chrysene, naphtho[2,3g]chrysene, 4 H-benzo[c]cyclopenta[mno]chrysene, dibenzo[ghi,mno]fluoranthene (commonly called corannulene), rubicene, diacenaphtho[l,2j:l‘,2'l]fluoranthene, 10-methyl-benzo[b]fluoranthene, 3-methoxybenzo[k]fluoranthene, and 3-hydroxybenzo[k]fluoranthene in organic nonelectrolyte solvents of varying polarity. Calculated emission intensity ratios failed to vary systematically with solvent polarity, and all nine of the aforementioned solutes were thus classified as nonprobe molecules.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solute probes. Part II. Effect of solvent polarity on the fluorescence emission fine structures of coronene derivatives

The Analyst ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Waris ◽  
Michael A. Rembert ◽  
David M. Sellers ◽  
William E. Acree ◽  
Kenneth W. Street ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Fine Structures

scholarly journals Spectrofluorometric Probe Method for Examining Preferential Solvation in Binary Solvent Mixtures

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Acree ◽  
Denise C. Wilkins ◽  
Sheryl A. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Preferential Solvation ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Dibutyl Ether ◽  
Binary Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Emission Behavior ◽  
Solvent Component ◽  
Spectrofluorometric Method

A spectrofluorometric method is developed to examine preferential solvation of a probe molecule dissolved in binary solvent mixtures. The method assumes that the solvational sphere around every fluorophore is solvated by only one type of solvent component and that each solvated fluorophore contributes to the measured emission intensity. Expressions derived from the model are illustrated with the use of observed fluorescence emission behavior of 3,4-dihydrobenzo[ghilperylene dissolved in binary n-heptane + 1,4-dioxane and dibutyl ether + acetonitrile solvent mixtures, which were measured as part of the present study.

scholarly journals Probing Solvation Effects in Binary Solvent Mixtures with the Use of Solvatochromic Dyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Deligkiozi ◽  
Raffaello Papadakis
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Solvation ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Binary Solvent Mixtures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Beta Cyclodextrin ◽  
High Responsiveness ◽  
Linear Solvation

In this work three molecules exhibiting dual sensing solvatochromic behaviors are examined in the context of solvation in binary solvent mixtures (BSMs). The compounds studied involve two functional groups with high responsiveness to solvent polarity namely pentacyanoferrate(II) (PC) and azo groups. Two of these compounds are [2]rotaxanes involving alpha- or beta- cyclodextrin (CyD) and the third is their CyD-free precursor. The dual solvatochromic behavior of these compounds is investigated in water/ethlylene glycol (EG) mixtures and their dual solvatochromic responses are assessed in terms of the intensity of solvatochromism and the extent of preferential solvation. To achieve this the linear solvation model by Kamlet, Abboud and Taft [J. Organomet. Chem. 1983, 48, 2877–2887] and the two-phase model of solvation by Bagchi and coworkers [J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 3311–3314] are employed. The influence of the presence or lack of CyD (alpha- or beta-) on these dual solvatochromic sensors is analyzed.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles. Part IV: Effect of Solvent Polarity, Solvent Acidity, Nitromethane and 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene on the Fluorescence Emission Behavior of Select Monoaza- and Diazaarenes

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1630-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl A. Tucker ◽  
Hardjanti Darmodjo ◽  
William E. Acree ◽  
Maximilian Zander ◽  
Erich C. Meister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Fluorescence Emission Spectra ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Organic Nonelectrolyte ◽  
Emission Behavior ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
Solvent Acidity

Fluorescence emission spectra are reported for naphth[2′l′8′7′: 4,10,5]anthra[l,9,8cdef]cinnoline, benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline (also called 2,7-diazapyrene), benz[4,10]anthra[l,9,8cdef]cinnoline, naphtho[8,1,2hij]pyreno[9,10,ldef]phthalazine, acenaphtho[l,2b]pyridine, benzo[a]phenazine, indeno[l,2,3ij][2,7]naphthyridine, and indeno-[l,2,3ij]isoquinoline dissolved in organic nonelectrolyte solvents of varying polarity and acidity. Results of these measurements indicate that naphth[2′,1′,8′,7′:4,10,5]anthra[l,9,8cdef]cinnoline exhibits some signs of probe character as evidenced by changing emission intensity ratios; however, numerical values did not vary systematically with solvent polarity. The effect of nitromethane and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene as selective quenching agents on both the unprotonated and protonated PANHs was also examined. Nitromethane was found to quench fluorescence emission of roughly two-thirds of the alternant unprotonated PANHs studied to date. Emission intensities of the protonated PANHs remained essentially constant and were not affected by nitromethane. 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene, on the other hand, quenched the fluorescence emission of several unprotonated and all protonated PANHs examined.

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