A Late 4th millennium BCE cylinder-seal amulet from Tel Yaqush and its contribution to the understanding of EB I–II communities in the Central Jordan Valley

Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of 12 herbicides in controlling hairy fleabane [ Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist] in a date palm orchard located in the central Jordan valley during the spring of 2017. Results showed that C. bonariensis resists paraquat (2.5, 5 and 7.5kgha -1 ), oxadiazon (5kgha -1 ) and oxyflourfen (3.3kgha -1 ) herbicides applied at normal or higher than the recommended rates. None of the three herbicides was significantly effective against the weed and treated plants continued growing normally similar to those of untreated control. Higher rates (10-fold of the recommended rates) of the same herbicides failed to control the weed. The effect of other tested herbicides on the weed was varied with bromoxynil plus MCPA (buctril ® M), 2,4-D- iso-octyl ester, glyphosate, glyphosate trimesium and triclopyr were most effective and completely controlled the weed at recommended rates of application. Testing paraquat, oxadiazon and oxyflourfen using the normal recommended and 10-fold higher rates on two populations of C. bonariensis grown from seeds of the date palm and al-Twal (another site in the Jordan Valley) weed populations and grown in pots under glasshouse conditions showed that Date palm population was resistant to the three herbicides at both application rates while al-Twal site population was highly susceptible and completely controlled at normal and high rates of the three herbicides. It is concluded that certain populations of C . bonariensis developed resistance to paraquat, oxadiazon and oxyflourfen but control of this weed was possible using other herbicides of different mechanism of action. Herbicide rotation or other nonchemical weed control methods have been suggested to prevent or reduce the buildup and spread of resistant populations of this weed species. These results represent the first report on herbicide resistance of C. bonariensis in Jordan.

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Resistivity survey investigating salinity hazard and aquifer system in the alluvial fans in central Jordan Valley

Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology ◽

10.52981/jfst.vi5.366 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 54-66

Author(s):

Osman M. El Hassan

Keyword(s):

Alluvial Fan ◽

Alluvial Fans ◽

Jordan Valley ◽

Aquifer System ◽

Salinity Hazard ◽

Resistivity Survey ◽

Central Jordan ◽

Static Water ◽

Bearing Layer ◽

Lisan Formation

In the course of this study geological and geophysical resistivity survey were conducted in the area extended from Deir Alla to Suleikhat (Middle Ghor Area) in Jordan valley. In order to evaluate the potential and characteristic of the groundwater quality and distribution of the aquifer in the alluvial in the area. The aquifer system in the area consists of Ajlun and Belga Group, in addition to the Plateau Gravel Group and the Alluvial Aquifers.The resistivity survey encounter an average thickness of the alluvial fans of about93 meters. The source of salinity in the alluvium aquifers was predicted to be Lisan Formation, which underlies the Whole alluvium in the area.Quantitative interpretation of VES data coupled with field and preexisted electrical conductivity reading work out the following characteristic for water bearing layer in the alluvial fan deposits: The alluvial fans exhibit recurrently lateral variation, even in the same area.The continuity of static water table may be interrupted by mud dominated area. These facts forearm to conclude that the aquifer system in the alluvial fans are lenses to micro-aquifers bodies of saturated gravel and sand dominated layers, with resistivity range between 30-60 ohm.m, with apposite thickness range of 8-42 meters.Calculated Porosity ofsuch aquifers is approximated to be in range of 20-27%. In addition to these layers there is a mud gravel layerswith resistivity ranges from 20 to 30 ohm.m, their thickness are in range of 5-23 meters, and their porosity is approximated to 33%.

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