Spatial distribution and fluctuating populations of predatory mites (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae), phytophagous mites (Acari: Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae) and their relationships with wild chili pepper phenological stages in two Natural Protected Areas of Mexico

Ecological interactions between mites (predatory and phytophagous) and wild plants growing in undisturbed environments play a crucial role to understand their natural settlement, development and dispersion patterns. Pequin chili pepper, Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum, is a low-cost natural resource for local communities living inside Natural Protected Areas (ANP) of Tamaulipas State in Mexico. The aims of this research work were: 1) determine the spatial distribution pattern of predatory and phytophagous mites, 2) determine the spatiotemporal association between predatory and phytophagous mites, and 3) determine the association among different mite species and some phenological stages of Pequin chili pepper. The most abundant phytophagous mites were Tetranychus merganser and Aculops lycpoersici, and the predatory species were Amblyseius similoides, Euseius mesembrinus and Metaseiulus (Metaseiulus) negundinis. Most mite species showed an aggregated distribution pattern according to the plant phenological stages. However, the distribution of mite species throughout time showed different types of aggregation. On the other hand, we found positive associations among A. lycopersici and T. merganser phytophagous mites with A. similoides, E. mesembrinus and M. (M.) negundinis predators mites. The association between plants and mite species were influenced by the phenological stages of Pequin chili pepper. This is an indication of the complexity among trophic-chain interactions that depend largely on the available resources and competition. These two factors serve as foundations for settlement, development and dispersion patterns of certain species.

Trond Løken 2020: Bronze Age and Early Iron Age house and settlement development at Forsandmoen, south-western Norway. AmS-Skrifter, (28), 1-300. https://doi.org/10.31265/ams-skrifter.vi28.377. ISBN : 9788277601908

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LAYOUTS OF SETTLEMENTS IN NORTHWESTERN CRIMEA IN THE SECOND HALF OF I C. BC - FIRST QUARTER OF I C. AD

Статья представляет собой часть серии, посвященной планировкам позднескифских поселений Северо-Западного Крыма. Ее цель - выделение главных характеристик позднескифской застройки в регионе, проверка рабочей гипотезы о преемственности планировок на протяжении всего «позднескифского» периода, сравнение облика поселений Северо-Западного Крыма с синхронными памятниками соседних регионов. Тема настоящей статьи - планировки второй половины I в. до н. э. - первой четверти I в. н. э. Это время можно признать периодом расцвета поселений. Они достигают максимальных размеров, вокруг укреплений формируются «посады». Планировки поселений выглядят упорядоченными. Единицами застройки выступают многокомнатные дома, которые блокируются в кварталы. Характерная черта - использование греческих сооружений. В начале периода поселения укреплены различными оборонительными сооружениями, к концу они полностью или частично теряют свое значение. The paper is one in a series exploring the layout of late Scythian settlements in northwestern Crimea. It is aimed to identify key characteristics of late Scythian buildings in the region, test the working hypothesis on continuity of layouts throughout the entire ‘late Scythian’ period, and compare the look of settlements in northwestern Crimea with that of contemporaneous sites in the neighboring regions. This paper focuses on settlement layout in the second half of the 1 century BC - first quarter of the 1 century AD. Settlements of that period reached peak in their development. Settlements reached maximum size, with trading quarters (suburbs) appearing around fortified settlements. The layout of a settlement appears to follow a regular pattern. Housing units are buildings with many rooms constructed in residential quarters. Settlement development is characterized by use of Greek constructions. Early in the period settlements were fortified with various defensive structures which lost their importance partly or completely.

Ngā Whare Rau o Te Tahinga: Rakaipaakatanga and Post-Settlement Futures

<p>This thesis explores what it means to be Ngāti Rakaipaaka today and how this ‘being’ may influence post-settlement futures for the iwi and its members. This thesis is a celebration of contemporary, dynamic, diverse and flourishing Rakaipaaka Māori. The understandings that are presented are the result of an extended stay in Nuhaka (part of Rakaipaaka’s rohe or tribal territory), nine interviews with ten contributors and countless informal conversations, including online, with members of Rakaipaaka. With these understandings as well as a discussion of the skills, assets and aspirations of the Rakaipaaka community this thesis explores how understandings of being Rakaipaaka may be incorporated into post-settlement futures. It argues that there is importance in diversity as well as unity, and asserts that for post-settlement development models to be successful they must reflect the diverse range of Rakaipaakatanga – Rakaipaaka identity. At the same time, the models need to be practical, responding to the challenges and problems Rakaipaaka face today and may face in the future. In essence, they must uplift and develop Rakaipaaka people in positive, sustainable, and Māori ways.</p>

Ngā Whare Rau o Te Tahinga: Rakaipaakatanga and Post-Settlement Futures

<p>This thesis explores what it means to be Ngāti Rakaipaaka today and how this ‘being’ may influence post-settlement futures for the iwi and its members. This thesis is a celebration of contemporary, dynamic, diverse and flourishing Rakaipaaka Māori. The understandings that are presented are the result of an extended stay in Nuhaka (part of Rakaipaaka’s rohe or tribal territory), nine interviews with ten contributors and countless informal conversations, including online, with members of Rakaipaaka. With these understandings as well as a discussion of the skills, assets and aspirations of the Rakaipaaka community this thesis explores how understandings of being Rakaipaaka may be incorporated into post-settlement futures. It argues that there is importance in diversity as well as unity, and asserts that for post-settlement development models to be successful they must reflect the diverse range of Rakaipaakatanga – Rakaipaaka identity. At the same time, the models need to be practical, responding to the challenges and problems Rakaipaaka face today and may face in the future. In essence, they must uplift and develop Rakaipaaka people in positive, sustainable, and Māori ways.</p>

URBAN-TYPE SETTLEMENTS IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONAL SETTLEMENT SYSTEM

Исследование посвящено поселкам городского типа и их месту в региональных системах расселения. Рассмотрены особенности развития пгт, выявлен характер их размещения, проведено сравнение экономикогеографического положения городов и поселков городского типа. Предложены варианты выделения различных видов пгт. The paper is dedicated to urban-type settlements and their place in the Russian regional settlement system. The peculiarities of urban-type settlement development are considered, their distribution is identified, the economic and geographical location of cities and urban-type settlements is compared. The variants of different types of urban-type settlements are suggested.

The appearance of renewable energy sources in the settlement development documents of local authorities in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County

In recent decades, several new trends can be observed in the field of energy management, one of which is the increase of the role of renewable energy sources. As a result of this fact, local authorities in Hungary have also devoted increasing attention to this question in recent years. The first step of their interventions is the drawing up of the appropriate development documents, relying on which specific steps/investments can also take place later. In the spirit of the above, the objective of the present paper is to analyse the development documents of local authorities in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County. The most important findings of the study could be summarised as follows. Firstly the Integrated Settlement Development Strategies prepared for the period 2014 to 2020 dealt with the topic of renewable energy sources in much more detail than earlier documents. Secondly from the various renewable energy sources, the development document devoted most attention to solar and geothermal energy and thirdly the appearance of renewable energy sources in the development documents shows a close link with the size of the settlements.

Normalized Dryness Built-up Index (NDBI) to Detect Settlement Change In Buleleng Sub-District

This research aims to find out the development of settlements that occur over the next 20 years. Monitoring the development of settlements is carried out by remote sensing methods using Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery and Landsat 8 OLI imagery. Landsat 7 ETM+ used in 2000, and Landsat 8 OLI used in 2019. The algorithm is used to identify settlement development using the Normalized Dryness Built-up Index (NDBI). This algorithm uses two bands, such as Near-infrared and shortwave infrared, to calculate. The results showed that the growth of settlements occurred very significant because, in 2000, the number of settlements amounted to 628.2 hectares and in 2019 amounted to 1891.8 hectares. The increase in settlements occurred throughout the region in the Buleleng sub-district. Therefore, it can be concluded that NDBI can be used to monitor the development of settlements and the increase in settlements occurring as much as 28 % over 20 years.