Characterization of individual tree crowns using three-dimensional shape signatures derived from LiDAR data

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (24) ◽  
pp. 6621-6628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinliang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Shape Signatures ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Shape Signatures for Automated Assessment of Post-Earthquake Building Damage

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Pinliang Dong ◽  
Jianbo Liu ◽  
Huadong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Urban Models ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Shape Signatures ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

This paper proposes two new measures of three-dimensional shape signatures based on the slope and aspect of three-dimensional triangles, and evaluates the performance of three-dimensional shape signatures derived from distance, area, angle, volume, slope, and aspect for assessing post-earthquake building damage using simulated building models with flat, pent, gable and hip roofs. Three scenarios of post-earthquake building damage are tested using simulated light detection and ranging (LiDAR) points generated on the building roofs. Dissimilarity, sensitivity, and computational cost of the three-dimensional shape signatures are also discussed. The results show that a combination of three-dimensional shape signatures derived from slope and aspect can provide better detection of post-earthquake building damage compared with those derived from distance, area, angle, and volume. The paper demonstrates a promising method for rapid assessment of post-earthquake building damage using existing three-dimensional urban models and post-earthquake LiDAR data.

Four Dimensions of Diamond T: Combination Trade Marks of Colours And Shapes

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Michael McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
Trade Marks ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Trade Mark Law ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

This article examines the relatively new fields of colour and shape trade marks. It was initially feared by some academics that the new marks would encroach on the realms of patent and copyright.  However, the traditional requirements of trade mark law, such as functionality and descriptiveness, have meant that trade marks in colour and shape are extremely hard to acquire if they do not have factual distinctiveness. As colour and shape trade marks have no special restrictions, it is proposed that the combination trade mark theory and analysis from the Diamond T case should be used as a way to make them more accessible. The combination analysis can be easily applied because every product has a three dimensional shape and a fourth dimension of colour.

Acoustic Analysis of Detailed Three-Dimensional Shape of the Human Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Kitamura ◽  
Hironori Takemoto ◽  
Hisanori Makinae ◽  
Tetsutaro Yamaguchi ◽  
Kotaro Maki
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape
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