scholarly journals Isolating and culturing of sputum macrophages: A potential ex vivo/in vitro model

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 312-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Kocbach Bølling ◽  
Tonje Berg Steensen ◽  
Neil E. Alexis ◽  
Liv Ingunn Bjoner Sikkeland
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vitro Model

Development of an in vitro model of calcified cerebral emboli in acute ischemic stroke for mechanical thrombectomy evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1002-1007
Author(s):  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Ray McCarthy ◽  
Brian Fahy ◽  
Oana Madalina Mereuta ◽  
Seán Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Guide Catheter ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Calcified Tissues

​BackgroundCalcified cerebral emboli (CCEs) are a rare cause of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and are frequently associated with poor outcomes. The presence of dense calcified material enables reliable identification of CCEs using non-contrast CT. However, recanalization rates with the available mechanical thrombectomy (MT) devices remain low.ObjectiveTo recreate a large vessel occlusion involving a CCE using an in vitro silicone model of the intracranial vessels and to demonstrate the feasability of this model to test different endovascular strategies to recanalize an occlusion of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA).​MethodsAn in vitro model was developed to evaluate different endovascular treatment approaches using contemporary devices in the M1 segment of the MCA. The in vitro model consisted of a CCE analog placed in a silicone neurovascular model. Development of an appropriate CCE analog was based on characterization of human calcified tissues that represent likely sources of CCEs. Feasibility of the model was demonstrated in a small number of MT devices using four common procedural techniques.​ResultsCCE analogs were developed with similar mechanical behavior to that of ex vivo calcified material. The in vitro model was evaluated with various MT techniques and devices to show feasibility of the model. In this limited evaluation, the most successful retrieval approach was performed with a stent retriever combined with local aspiration through a distal access catheter, and importantly, with flow arrest and dual aspiration using a balloon guide catheter.​ConclusionCharacterization of calcified tissues, which are likely sources of CCEs, has shown that CCEs are considerably stiffer than thrombus. This highlights the need for a different in vitro AIS model for CCEs than those used for thromboemboli. Consequentially, an in vitro AIS model representative of a CCE occlusion in the M1 segment of the MCA has been developed.

Antibiotics modulate the stimulated cytokine response to endotoxin in a human ex vivo, in vitro model

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ziegeler ◽  
A. Raddatz ◽  
G. Hoff ◽  
H. Buchinger ◽  
I. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cytokine Response ◽  
Vitro Model

Inhibition of MAO by Fractions and Constituents of Hypericum Extract

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bladt ◽  
H. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Antidepressive Effect ◽  
Pure Substances ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Hypericum Extract

The inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) by six fractions from hypericum extract and three characteristic constituents (as pure substances) were analyzed in vitro and ex vivo to study the antidepressive mechanism of action. Rat brain homogenates were used as the in vitro model, while the ex vivo analysis was performed after intraperitoneal application of the test substances to albino rats. Massive inhibition of MAO-A could be shown with the total extract and all fractions only at the concentration of 10-3 mol/L. At 10-4 mol/L, one fraction rich in flavonoides showed an inhibition of 39%, and all other fractions demonstrated less than 25% inhibition. Using pure hypericin as well as in ex vivo experiments, no relevant inhibiting effects could be shown. From the results it can be concluded that the clinically proven antidepressive effect of hypericum extract cannot be explained in terms of MAO inhibition.

scholarly journals Bronchial blockers under pressure: in vitro model and ex vivo model

2016 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. i92-i96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carassiti ◽  
A. Mattei ◽  
C.M. Pizzo ◽  
N. Vallone ◽  
P. Saccomandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Efficient Aflatoxin B1 Sequestration by Yeast Cell Wall Extract and Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate Evaluated Using a Multimodal In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Methodology

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Alexandros Yiannikouris ◽  
Juha Apajalahti ◽  
Hannele Kettunen ◽  
Suvi Ojanperä ◽  
Andrew N. W. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Vitro Model

In this work, adsorption of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by two sequestrants—a yeast cell wall-based adsorbent (YCW) and a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS)—was studied across four laboratory models: (1) an in vitro model from a reference method was employed to quantify the sorption capabilities of both sequestrants under buffer conditions at two pH values using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD); (2) in a second in vitro model, the influence of the upper gastrointestinal environment on the mycotoxin sorption capacity of the same two sequestrants was studied using a chronic AFB1 level commonly encountered in the field (10 µg/L and in the presence of feed); (3) the third model used a novel ex vivo approach to measure the absorption of 3H-labelled AFB1 in the intestinal tissue and the ability of the sequestrants to offset this process; and (4) a second previously developed ex vivo model readapted to AFB1 was used to measure the transfer of 3H-labelled AFB1 through live intestinal tissue, and the influence of sequestrants on its bioavailability by means of an Ussing chamber system. Despite some sorption effects caused by the feed itself studied in the second model, both in vitro models established that the adsorption capacity of both YCW and HSCAS is promoted at a low acidic pH. Ex vivo Models 3 and 4 showed that the same tested material formed a protective barrier on the epithelial mucosa and that they significantly reduced the transfer of AFB1 through live intestinal tissue. The results indicate that, by reducing the transmembrane transfer rate and reducing over 60% of the concentration of free AFB1, both products are able to significantly limit the bioavailability of AFB1. Moreover, there were limited differences between YCW and HSCAS in their sorption capacities. The inclusion of YCW in the dietary ration could have a positive influence in reducing AFB1′s physiological bioavailability.

scholarly journals Pre-clinical evaluation of advanced nerve guide conduits using a novel 3D in vitro testing model

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Behbehani ◽  
Adam Glen ◽  
Caroline S. Taylor ◽  
Alexander Schuhmacher ◽  
Frederik Claeyssens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Physical Support ◽  
Vitro Model

Autografts are the current gold standard for large peripheral nerve defects in clinics despite the frequently occurring side effects like donor site morbidity. Hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGC) are proposed alternatives to autografts, but fail to bridge gaps exceeding 3 cm in humans. Internal NGC guidance cues like microfibres are believed to enhance hollow NGCs by giving additional physical support for directed regeneration of Schwann cells and axons. In this study, we report a new 3D in vitro model that allows the evaluation of different intraluminal fibre scaffolds inside a complete NGC. The performance of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibres inside 5 mm long polyethylene glycol (PEG) conduits was investigated in neuronal cell and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures in vitro. Z-stack confocal microscopy revealed the aligned orientation of neuronal cells along the fibres throughout the whole NGC length and depth. The number of living cells in the centre of the scaffold was not significantly different to the tissue culture plastic (TCP) control. For ex vivo analysis, DRGs were placed on top of fibre-filled NGCs to simulate the proximal nerve stump. In 21 days of culture, Schwann cells and axons infiltrated the conduits along the microfibres with 2.2 ± 0.37 mm and 2.1 ± 0.33 mm respectively. We conclude that this in vitro model can help define internal NGC scaffolds in the future by comparing different fibre materials, composites and dimensions in one setup prior to animal testing.

Inhibition of MAO by Fractions and Constituents of Hypericum Extract

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bladt ◽  
H. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Antidepressive Effect ◽  
Pure Substances ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Hypericum Extract

The inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) by six fractions from hypericum extract and three characteristic constituents (as pure substances) were analyzed in vitro and ex vivo to study the antidepressive mechanism of action. Rat brain homogenates were used as the in vitro model, while the ex vivo analysis was performed after intraperitoneal application of the test substances to albino rats. Massive inhibition of MAO-A could be shown with the total extract and all fractions only at the concentration of 10-3 mol/L. At 10-4 mol/L, one fraction rich in flavonoides showed an inhibition of 39%, and all other fractions demonstrated less than 25% inhibition. Using pure hypericin as well as in all ex vivo experiments, no relevant inhibiting effects could be shown. From the results it can be concluded that the clinically proven antidepressive effect of hypericum extract cannot be explained in terms of MAO inhibition.

scholarly journals Single-Cell and Neuronal Network Alterations in an In Vitro Model of Fragile X Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Moskalyuk ◽  
Sebastiaan Van De Vijver ◽  
Peter Verstraelen ◽  
Winnok H De Vos ◽  
R Frank Kooy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Network Development ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract The Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is involved in many cellular processes and it regulates synaptic and network development in neurons. Its absence is known to lead to intellectual disability, with a wide range of comorbidities including autism. Over the past decades, FMRP research focused on abnormalities both in glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling, and an altered balance between excitation and inhibition has been hypothesized to underlie the clinical consequences of absence of the protein. Using Fmrp knockout mice, we studied an in vitro model of cortical microcircuitry and observed that the loss of FMRP largely affected the electrophysiological correlates of network development and maturation but caused less alterations in single-cell phenotypes. The loss of FMRP also caused a structural increase in the number of excitatory synaptic terminals. Using a mathematical model, we demonstrated that the combination of an increased excitation and reduced inhibition describes best our experimental observations during the ex vivo formation of the network connections.

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