Ambient air aerosols, total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for day and night time in the traffic areas of Central Taiwan

Solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and for identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air of the city of Astana, Kazakhstan. The screening of the samples showed the presence of mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, phenols, and benzaldehydes. The concentrations of naphthalene were 5-7 times higher than the permissible value, it was detected in all studied air samples. Average concentration of naphthalene was 18.4 μg/m3, acenaphthylene – 0.54 μg/m3, acenaphthene – 1.63 μg/m3, fluorene – 0.79 μg/m3, anthracene – 3.27 μg/m3, phenanthrene – 0.22 μg/m3, fluorantene – 0.74 μg/m3, pyrene – 0.73 μg/m3. Average concentrations of BTEX in the studied samples were 31.1, 84.9, 10.8 and 11.6 μg/m3, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of the concentrations of BTEX and PAH, the main source of city air pollution with them was assumed to be vehicle emissions.

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The height variation and particle size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air

Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1080/02772249709358456 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 60 (1-4) ◽

pp. 111-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shui‐Jen Chen ◽

Ping‐Shium Hwang ◽

Lien‐Te Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Height Variation ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

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Human Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban and Rural Ambient Air

ACS Symposium Series - Occurrence, Fate and Impact of Atmospheric Pollutants on Environmental and Human Health ◽

10.1021/bk-2013-1149.ch004 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 59-82

Author(s):

Barend L. van Drooge

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Human Exposure ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

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Trace Organic Pollutants Emission From Large-Scale Circulating Fluidized Bed Incinerators of Co-Firing Chinese MSW and Coal

18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽

10.1115/fbc2005-78066 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Jian-Hua Yan ◽

Sheng-Yong Lu ◽

Yue-Ling Gu ◽

Xu-Guang Jiang ◽

Xiao-Dong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Environmental Evaluation ◽

Dioxin Emission ◽

Pollutants Emission ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Trace Organic Pollutants ◽

Trace Organic

Complex components, high moisture and low caloric value of raw Chinese MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) lead to the difficulties of keeping stable burning and low pollutant emission. Differential Density Circulated Fluidized Bed (DDCFB) incinerator was first developed by Zhejiang University to overcome such difficulties. The research of organic pollutants, especially dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emission and control from MSW incinerators has been carried out in ITPE since 1998. The aim of this paper is to provide the scheme of a new co-firing CFB incineration technology, and useful data for environmental evaluation of trace organic pollutants emission from incinerators. The art of co-firing CFB is presented briefly in the first part of this paper. The dioxin content in original Chinese MSW is estimated to be 10 pg I-TEQ/g based on the data from Abad et al. Several test runs are conducted in a real-scale (150ton/day) incinerator co-firing MSW and coal to investigate dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emission to ambient air. Test results show that dioxins input into the incinerator is estimated around 300∼600 mg I-TEQ/y, dioxins output is estimated 3∼100 mg I-TEQ/y, and dioxins emitted to ambient air is around 0.1∼15mg I-TEQ/y. It seemed that most of dioxins in original waste are decomposed by incineration process. For seventeen priority PAHs, its emission to ambient air is around 200∼4160g/y for co-firing runs, which is much more than 80g/y for coal combustion only. This suggests that PAHs emission to ambient air needed to be more concerned than dioxins. That is to say, PAHs emission regulatory should be proposed as soon as possible to restrict all incinerators. Several new incinerators (200 tons/day per unit and 300 tons/day per unit) were built by using new Co-firing CFB technology in past few years. From the environmental evaluation report, dioxins emission in stack gas is in range of 0.0025∼0.06 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, which seemed far below the European limit. The annual dioxin emission to air for 200ton/day or 300 t/d units is around 3∼6 mg I-TEQ. It shows that co-firing CFB incinerator is capable of reducing dioxin emission effectively. Based on industrial demonstration experience of new co-firing CFB incineration technology, it has been proven environmental friendly method for thermal treatment of MSW in developing countries. Some reasons for low dioxin emission of co-firing processes are discussed in this paper.

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Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-19-8741-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (13) ◽

pp. 8741-8758 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Atallah Elzein ◽

Rachel E. Dunmore ◽

Martyn W. Ward ◽

Jacqueline F. Hamilton ◽

Alastair C. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Diagnostic Ratios ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Night Time ◽

Naphthalic Anhydride ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. Ambient particulate matter (PM) can contain a mix of different toxic species derived from a wide variety of sources. This study quantifies the diurnal variation and nocturnal abundance of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 10 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and 9 nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) in ambient PM in central Beijing during winter. Target compounds were identified and quantified using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q-ToF-MS). The total concentration of PAHs varied between 18 and 297 ng m−3 over 3 h daytime filter samples and from 23 to 165 ng m−3 in 15 h night-time samples. The total concentrations of PAHs over 24 h varied between 37 and 180 ng m−3 (mean: 97±43 ng m−3). The total daytime concentrations during high particulate loading conditions for PAHs, OPAHs and NPAHs were 224, 54 and 2.3 ng m−3, respectively. The most abundant PAHs were fluoranthene (33 ng m−3), chrysene (27 ng m−3), pyrene (27 ng m−3), benzo[a]pyrene (27 ng m−3), benzo[b]fluoranthene (25 ng m−3), benzo[a]anthracene (20 ng m−3) and phenanthrene (18 ng m−3). The most abundant OPAHs were 9,10-anthraquinone (18 ng m−3), 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (14 ng m−3) and 9-fluorenone (12 ng m−3), and the three most abundant NPAHs were 9-nitroanthracene (0.84 ng m−3), 3-nitrofluoranthene (0.78 ng m−3) and 3-nitrodibenzofuran (0.45 ng m−3). ∑PAHs and ∑OPAHs showed a strong positive correlation with the gas-phase abundance of NO, CO, SO2 and HONO, indicating that PAHs and OPAHs can be associated with both local and regional emissions. Diagnostic ratios suggested emissions from traffic road and coal combustion were the predominant sources of PAHs in Beijing and also revealed the main source of NPAHs to be secondary photochemical formation rather than primary emissions. PM2.5 and NPAHs showed a strong correlation with gas-phase HONO. 9-Nitroanthracene appeared to undergo a photodegradation during the daytime and showed a strong positive correlation with ambient HONO (R=0.90, P < 0.001). The lifetime excess lung cancer risk for those species that have available toxicological data (16 PAHs, 1 OPAH and 6 NPAHs) was calculated to be in the range 10−5 to 10−3 (risk per million people ranges from 26 to 2053 cases per year).

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