Cerebral fat embolism: diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Ryu ◽  
D. H. Lee ◽  
T. K. Kim ◽  
S. J. Kim ◽  
H. S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
B Value ◽  
Fat Embolism ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Diffusion Weighted

Purpose: To demonstrate the diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and the follow-up MRI findings, of cerebral fat embolism in the acute stage. Material and Methods: The initial DWI and clinical findings of six patients with cerebral fat embolism were retrospectively evaluated. The finding of DWI with a b-value of 1000 s/mm2 (b = 1000) was compared with that of DWI with a b-value of 0 s/mm2 (b = 0). In three patients who underwent follow-up MRI, the interval change of the lesion on T2-weighted images was investigated. Results: The characteristic DWI finding of cerebral fat embolism in the acute stage was multiple, hyperintense, dot-like lesions disseminated in the brain. These lesions were distributed dominantly in the bilateral border-zone areas. Some lesions had an ancillary location including the cortex, deep white matter, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The lesions were more intense and numerous in DWI (b = 1000) than in DWI (b = 0). The findings on the follow-up T2-weighted images were multiple confluent hyperintense lesions in the white matter with progression since the initial MRI. Conclusion: DWI could be a sensitive tool for detecting cerebral fat embolism in the acute phase. It is recommended that DWI be included in the initial evaluation of cerebral fat embolism with MRI.

scholarly journals Encephalopathy Following ingestion of Lead-Contaminated Opium; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Haghighi-Morad ◽  
Nasim Zamani ◽  
Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam ◽  
Maziar Shojaei
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Lead Encephalopathy ◽  
Opium Use

Abstract Background Encephalopathy is an uncommon but serious presentation of lead toxicity. Objective We aimed to determine and follow-up the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the patients with lead encephalopathy due to ingestion of lead contaminated opium. Methods In a cross-sectional study during lead-contaminated opium outbreak, all lead-poisoned patients with any signs/symptoms of encephalopathy were included. Results Of 19 patients with lead encephalopathy, five died early and other five could not be sent to MRI during their hospitalization period. Mean age was 51±11 years and males were dominant (89%). Median [IQR] blood lead level (BLL) was 101 [81, 108] µg/dL (range; 50 to 200 µg/dL). There was no correlation between MRI findings and signs/symptoms. MRI was normal in six and abnormal in three. Bilateral symmetric involvement of parieto-occipital lobes was observed. Gray matter, gray-white matter junction, and subcortical white matter were also affected. Follow-up MRI was performed in two with abnormal MRI which showed complete and near complete resolution of the abnormalities after cessation of opium use and treatment. Conclusion: There was no correlation between MRI findings and BLL. Complete recovery of brain MRI lesions was detected after cessation of opium use.

scholarly journals Encephalopathy Following ingestion of Lead-Contaminated Opium; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Haghighi-Morad ◽  
Nasim Zamani ◽  
Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam ◽  
Maziar Shojaei
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Lead Encephalopathy ◽  
Opium Use

Abstract Background: Encephalopathy is an uncommon but serious presentation of lead toxicity. Objective: We aimed to determine and follow-up the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the patients with lead encephalopathy due to ingestion of lead contaminated opium. Methods: In a cross-sectional study during lead-contaminated opium outbreak, all lead-poisoned patients with any signs/symptoms of encephalopathy were included. Results: Of 19 patients with lead encephalopathy, five died early and other five could not be sent to MRI during their hospitalization period. Mean age was 51±11 years and males were dominant (89%). Median [IQR] blood lead level was 101 [81, 108] µg/dL (range; 50 to 200 µg/dL). There was no correlation between MRI findings and signs/symptoms. MRI was normal in six and abnormal in three. Bilateral symmetric involvement of all lobes was observed. Gray matter, gray-white matter junction, and subcortical white matter were also affected. Follow-up MRI was performed in two with abnormal MRI which showed complete and near complete resolution of the abnormalities after cessation of opium use and treatment. Conclusion: There was no correlation between MRI findings and BLL. Complete recovery of brain MRI lesions was detected after cessation of opium use.

scholarly journals Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of cortical laminar necrosis in patients with stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cannella ◽  
Gianvincenzo Sparacia ◽  
Vincenzina Lo Re ◽  
Elisa Oddo ◽  
Giuseppe Mamone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Arterial Spin Labelling ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cortical Laminar Necrosis ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Cortical Laminar ◽  
Laminar Necrosis ◽  
Spin Labelling

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the novel advanced magnetic resonance imaging findings of acute stage cortical laminar necrosis developing after complicated cardiovascular or abdominal surgery. Materials and methods This institutional review board-approved study included patients with postoperative stroke due to cortical laminar necrosis imaged with magnetic resonance in the acute stage. Brain magnetic resonance imaging examinations were obtained on a 3T magnetic resonance scanner within 48 hours of the neurological symptoms, including diffusion-weighted images (b value, 1000 s/mm2) and arterial spin labelling using a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling method in four patients. Conventional and advanced magnetic resonance images were analysed to assess the imaging features in acute stage cortical laminar necrosis. Results The final population consisted of 14 patients (seven men and seven women, mean age 61 years, range 32–79 years) diagnosed with stroke and acute phase cortical laminar necrosis. All the patients presented with cortical lesions showing restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted images and hypointensity on the apparent diffusion coefficient map. Cortical hyperintensity on T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images was found in three (21%) and six (43%) patients, respectively. Reduced perfusion was noted in three out of four patients imaged with arterial spin labelling, while in one case no corresponding perfusion abnormality was noted on the arterial spin labelling maps. Arterial spin labelling abnormalities were much more extensive than diffusion restriction in two patients, and they were associated with a poor outcome. Conclusion Cortical hyperintense abnormalities on diffusion-weighted imaging may be the only sign of developing cortical laminar necrosis injury. The acquisition of arterial spin labelling helps to identify perfusion alterations and the extension of the ischaemic injury.

scholarly journals Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in cystic renal masses

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikret Balyemez ◽  
Ahmet Aslan ◽  
Ibrahim Inan ◽  
Ercan Ayaz ◽  
Vildan Karagöz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Introduction: We aimed to introduce the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for distinguishing benign and malignant renal cystic masses.Methods: Abdominal DWI-MRIs of patients with Bosniak categories 2F, 3, and 4 cystic renal masses were evaluated retrospectively. Cystic masses were assigned as benign or malignant according to histopathological or followup MRI findings and compared with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.Results: There were 30 patients (18 males and 12 females, mean age was 59.23 ± 12.08 years [range 38‒83 years]) with cystic renal masses (eight Bosniak category 2F, 12 Bosniak category 3, 10 Bosniak category 4). Among them, 14 cysts were diagnosed as benign and 16 as malignant by followup imaging or histopathological findings. For the malignant lesions, the mean ADC values were lower than for benign lesions (p=0.001). An ADC value of ≤2.28 x10-6 mm2/s or less had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 92.86% for detecting malignancy.Conclusions: ADC can improve the diagnostic performance of MRI in the evaluation of complex renal cysts when used together with conventional MRI sequences.

Nine-year Follow-up for a Study of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Prospective Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Henderson ◽  
Nandita M. de Souza ◽  
Karen Thomas ◽  
Sophie F. Riches ◽  
Veronica A. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Diffusion imaging of cerebral diaschisis in childhood arterial ischemic stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1028-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kirton ◽  
Elizabeth Williams ◽  
Michael Dowling ◽  
Sarah Mah ◽  
Jacquie Hodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Motor Outcome

Background Diffusion-weighted imaging magnetic resonance imaging may detect changes in brain structures remote but connected to stroke consistent with neuropathological descriptions of diaschisis. Early diffusion-weighted imaging demonstrates restriction in corticospinal pathways after arterial ischemic stroke of all ages that correlates with motor outcome. Aim/hypothesis We hypothesized that cerebral diaschisis is measurable in childhood arterial ischemic stroke and explored associations with outcome. Methods This sub-study of the validation of the Pediatric NIH Stroke Scale study prospectively enrolled children with acute arterial ischemic stroke and both acute and early follow-up (5–14 days) diffusion-weighted imaging. Inclusion criteria were (1) unilateral middle cerebral artery arterial ischemic stroke, (2) acute and subacute diffusion-weighted imaging ( b = 1000), and (3) 12 month neurological follow-up (Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure). A validated method using ImageJ software quantified diffusion-weighted imaging diaschisis in anatomically connected structures. Diaschisis measures were corrected for infarct volume, compared to age, imaging timing, and outcomes (Chi square/Fisher, Mann–Whitney test). Results Nineteen children (53% male, median 8.1 years) had magnetic resonance imaging at medians of 21 and 168 h post-stroke onset. Diaschisis was common and evolved over time, observed in one (5%) on acute but eight (42%) by follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging. Thalamic and callosal diaschisis were most common (5, 26%). Estimates of perilesional diaschisis varied (54 ± 18% of infarct volume). Children with diaschisis tended to be younger (7.02 ± 5.4 vs. 11.82 ± 4.3 years, p = 0.08). Total diaschisis score was associated with poor cognitive outcomes ( p = 0.03). Corticospinal tract diaschisis was associated with motor outcome ( p = 0.004). Method reliability was excellent. Conclusions Diffusion-weighted imaging diaschisis occurs in childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Mistaking diaschisis for new areas of infarction carries important clinical implications. Improved recognition and study are required to establish clinical relevance.

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