Juvenile crab spiders (Mecaphesa asperata) use indirect cues to choose foraging sites

Abstract The mud crab Scylla paramamosain is one of the economically important aquaculture species in China. The larval development of the mud crab is characterized by two significant morphological changes, from the 5th zoea (Z5) to the megalopa (M) stage and from the M to the first juvenile crab (C1) stage. In this study, we found that methyl farnesoate (MF) could prohibit the Z5 to M metamorphosis in a concentration-dependent manner, and that a concentration of 10 μM MF could completely prohibit the Z5 metamorphosis. Farnesoic acid (FA) could also prohibit the Z5 metamorphosis, but its effects seemed to be concentration-independent. In addition, MF could delay rather than prohibit the M to C1 metamorphosis, while FA had no effect on the M to C1 metamorphosis at all. To summarize, it is hypothesized that either absence of MF and FA, or at least very low levels of these substances, might be necessary for a successful Z5 to M metamorphosis.

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Effect of Direct and Indirect Cues of Predation Risk on the Foraging Behavior of the White-Footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)

Northeastern Naturalist ◽

10.1656/045.017.0102 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 19-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Benjamin G. Fanson

Keyword(s):

Predation Risk ◽

Foraging Behavior ◽

Peromyscus Leucopus ◽

Indirect Cues ◽

White Footed Mouse

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Exploring the Adaptive Significance of Five Types of Puma (Puma concolor) Vocalizations

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v130i4.1919 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 130 (4) ◽

pp. 289 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maximilian L Allen ◽

Yiwei Wang ◽

Christopher C Wilmers

Keyword(s):

Vocal Communication ◽

Puma Concolor ◽

Scent Marking ◽

Adaptive Significance ◽

Alarm Calls ◽

Central Component ◽

Video Cameras ◽

In The Wild ◽

Indirect Cues ◽

Limit Detection

Communication is a central component of animal behaviour, yet communicative behaviours are poorly studied due to their complexity and varied functions. Pumas (Puma concolor) are wide-ranging, solitary felids that primarily use indirect cues (e.g., scent marking) for communication. Because these cryptic carnivores are rarely observed directly, little is known about their vocalizations in the wild. We recorded a variety of Puma vocalizations among females and family groups using motion-triggered video cameras and then attempted to understand the function of each vocalization. We found two categories of vocalizations: 1) attention-attracting (caterwauling and mewing), and 2) calls (contact, agitated, and alarm). Vocalizations to attract attention ranged across broad frequencies. Contact, agitated, and alarm calls are narrow-frequency vocalizations that varied in intensity and were used to communicate with nearby conspecifics. Vocal communication entails risk, and while some Puma vocalizations may provide benefits that outweigh their risk, others are structured to limit detection and risk. These observations highlight the importance of the structure of vocalizations used during different behaviours to understand their adaptive significance.

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Snowshoe hare feeding behavior responds to coyote and moose cues at diverse vegetation densities

Journal of Mammalogy ◽

10.1093/jmammal/gyaa025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 101 (3) ◽

pp. 710-717

Author(s):

Zachary K Lankist ◽

Christine R Maher

Keyword(s):

Chemical Cues ◽

Prey Species ◽

Vegetation Density ◽

Vegetative Cover ◽

Feeding Sites ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Snowshoe Hares ◽

Number Of Visits ◽

Indirect Cues

Abstract Heterospecific competitors can use chemical cues left by dominant species to avoid aggressive interactions. Similarly, prey avoid chemical cues from predators at feeding sites, presumably because risk of death outweighs the benefit of food. This study addressed the lack of information regarding mammals’ avoidance of direct cues from competitors and also examined how indirect cues, i.e., vegetative cover, affect foraging behavior. To test if chemical cues and vegetative cover alter the number of visits by prey species and time spent at feeding plots, we observed snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) in plots containing coyote (Canis latrans; predator) and moose (Alces alces; competitor) urine across a spectrum of vegetation densities. Snowshoe hares significantly reduced number of visits to plots that contained coyote or moose urine. In plots treated with coyote urine, number of visits decreased significantly as plots became more densely vegetated. Neither chemical cues nor vegetation density affected time spent in plots. These results suggest that competition between snowshoe hares and moose has selected for an avoidance response. This study also reinforces the idea that an increase in vegetation density could prove disadvantageous to prey, perhaps because some predators use dense vegetation to their advantage.

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New faunistic records of the jumping and crab spiders of Karakoram, Pakistan (Aranei: Philodromidae, Salticidae and Thomisidae)

rej ◽

10.15298/arthsel.20.3.06 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 233240-0 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. V. Logunov ◽

F. Ballarin ◽

Yu. M. Marusik

Keyword(s):

Crab Spiders

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Phrynarachne birudissp. nov., a new crab spider (Araneae, Thomisidae) from South Korea

10.3897/arphapreprints.e67978 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jae Seong Im ◽

Seung Tae Kim ◽

Sueyeon Lee

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Male Copulatory Organ ◽

Copulatory Organ ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Biological Resources ◽

Crab Spider ◽

Crab Spiders

The crab spiders of the genus Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 comprising 32 species has been widely known to distribute worldwide to date. Only one species, Phrynarachne katoi Chikuni, 1955, is known in Korea so far. A new crab spider, Phrynarachne birudis sp. nov. is described, based on a male collected from Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The geographic record is provided as well as photos of habitus and illustrations of the male copulatory organ. The type specimens of this study are deposited in the collection of the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR) and Konkuk University (KKU), South Korea.

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