Fumonisin B1accumulation and severity of fusarium ear rot and gibberella ear rot in food-grade corn hybrids in Ontario after inoculation according to two methods

Fumonisins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (syn = F. moniliforme) and F. proliferatum have been associated with potentially serious toxicoses of animals and humans. Thus, hybrids with low fumonisin accumulation in grain will be valuable for the production of corn-based human food products. We evaluated 68 food-grade dent corn hybrids for severity of Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin accumulation in grain in inoculated trials in Urbana, IL in 2000 and 2001. Our inoculation technique was successful in initiating fumonisin accumulation that allowed discrimination among hybrids. We identified several hybrids that could have acceptable levels (<4 μg/g) of fumonisin accumulation in Illinois in most years. Twenty-six hybrids with low or high fumonisin accumulation in 2000 were reevaluated in noninoculated trials at three locations in Illinois in 2001. Fumonisin concentration in grain at all three locations was relatively low; thus, separation of hybrids was poor. At two locations, those hybrids with the highest fumonisin concentration in grain also had high concentrations following inoculation. However, one hybrid that had relatively low fumonisin concentration following inoculation had unacceptable levels of fumonisin (5 μg/g) in natural conditions. Therefore, hybrids need to be evaluated by inoculation and further evaluated at locations where the environment favors fumonisin accumulation.

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The Reaction of some Maize Hybrids, Created at ARDS TURDA, to Fusarium spp. Infection

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:12658 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Laura ȘOPTEREAN ◽

Loredana SUCIU ◽

Ana Maria VĂLEAN ◽

Felicia MUREŞANU ◽

Carmen PUIA

Keyword(s):

Production Capacity ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Fusarium Ear Rot ◽

Ear Rot ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Resistance Reaction

The most important disease of maize in Romania are stalk and ear rot, which caused yield losses in average of 20%. The resistant hibrids represent one of the most efficient solution for reducing the field loses caused by Fusarium spp. on the maize (Nagy et al., 2006). Diseases caused by Fusarium spp. can affect the yield and grain quality of maize because of contamination with numerous mycotoxins produced by these fungi (Czembor et al., 2015). The purpose of this paper was to know more about the reaction of different maize hybrids to Fusarium and the evaluating the effect of ear rot on the yield ability and mycotoxins accumulation. The experiments carried out at ARDS Turda, during four years (2012-2015). The biological material was represented by 8 hybrids, from different maturity groups, tested in two infection conditions with Fusarium spp. (natural and artificial infections). The temperature and rainfalls of the four years of experiments corresponding to the vegetation of maize (april-september) are influenced favourably the pathogenesis of stalk and ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. and a good discrimination of the resistance reaction of genotypes. Fusarium ear rot has significantly affected production capacity and chemical composition of corn hybrids tested. In conditions of artificial infection with Fusarium spp. was a decrease in the content of starch, fat and increased protein content compared with artificially inoculated variants. The quantity of fumonizin B1+B2 has reached to 5630 μg/kg in conditions of artificial infection. There are negative correlations between production capacity and degree of attack of fusarium ear rot; depending on the reacting genotypes tested increasing disease causes production decrease. The response of maize hybrids to Fusarium infection is influenced by infection and climatic conditions. These factors affect production both in terms of quantity and quality and accumulation of mycotoxins.

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Importance of the Husk Covering on the Susceptibility of Corn Hybrids to Fusarium Ear Rot

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-80-0208 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 208 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

C. Y. Warfield

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Ear Rot ◽

Ear Rot ◽

Corn Hybrids

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Development of Gibberella Ear Rot on Processing Sweet Corn Hybrids Over an Extended Period of Harvest

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-2-0171 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 171-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. N. Nordby ◽

J. K. Pataky ◽

D. G. White

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Extended Period ◽

Gibberella Zeae ◽

Ear Rot ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Gibberella Ear Rot ◽

Relative Response ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

The Difference

Gibberella ear rot, caused by Gibberella zeae, has increased in prevalence recently on lateseason processing sweet corn grown in North America. Little information is available about the development of Gibberella ear rot on processing sweet corn hybrids over extended periods of harvest. In five trials from 2003 to 2005, 12 processing sweet corn hybrids were inoculated with G. zeae and evaluated for severity of Gibberella ear rot on sequential harvest dates from 19 to 27 days after midsilk. Ear rot severity was assessed using a rating scale based on the percentage of kernels with visible symptoms of G. zeae colonization including kernel rot and mycelial growth. Severity ranged from 1.6 to 47.8% over the five trials. None of the hybrids was highly resistant to Gibberella ear rot, although some appeared to be less susceptible. Gibberella ear rot was less severe on three hybrids (GH 2690, GG 147, and Sprint) and more severe on three hybrids (GG 42, GG 145, and Jubilee). Other hybrids had moderate levels of ear rot or responses that varied among years. The relative response of hybrids did not change substantially during the extended period of harvest; however, the rate at which Gibberella ear rot developed on hybrids differed in 2003 and 2005 as reflected by a significant hybrid by harvest interaction. The interaction was primarily the result of Gibberella ear rot developing more severely on susceptible hybrids than on the less susceptible hybrids. The difference in Gibberella development could be exploited to limit losses due to this disease under certain circumstances. If a sweet corn processor had several fields ready to harvest at the same time, and some fields were planted with hybrids that are more susceptible while other fields were planted with hybrids that are less susceptible, losses due to Gibberella ear rot might be minimized by harvesting the most susceptible hybrids first. Other hybrids that might be best suited for early or late harvest can be identified from Gibberella ear rot ratings 28 days after silk channel inoculation at the midsilk growth stage.

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Reactions of Processing Sweet Corn Hybrids to Gibberella Ear Rot

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1999.83.2.176 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 176-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lindsey J. du Toit ◽

Jerald K. Pataky

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Gibberella Zeae ◽

The Other ◽

Ear Rot ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Gibberella Ear Rot ◽

Injection Method ◽

Coefficients Of Variation

Gibberella ear rot has increased in prevalence recently on late-season processing sweet corn grown in the Midwestern United States. Little information is available about the reactions of hybrids currently grown for processing. A total of 52 processing hybrids were evaluated in 1996 and 1997 for reactions to Gibberella zeae following one of two methods of inoculation: inserting an infested toothpick or injecting a spore suspension in the silk channel 7 days after the mid-silk growth stage. Ratings of ear rot severity ranged from 2.4 to 8 on a scale of 1 to 9. Severity of ear rot differed among hybrids, but none of the hybrids was highly resistant, nor did the hybrids display a great degree of variation for reaction to G. zeae. Severity of ear rot was consistently lower for cvs. Sprint and HMX 5372 than for the other hybrids. Ear rot ratings also were lower for cvs. GH 1834 and GH 2690 in three of four comparisons. Severity of ear rot was consistently higher for cv. GH 2628 in all comparisons and for cvs. Empire, Excalibur, GG 42, GH 1861, Jubilee, Rival, and WSS 3680 in three of four comparisons. Ranks of some hybrids changed between inoculation methods, years, or both, but most hybrids were ranked similarly in at least three of four comparisons. Coefficients of variation were approximately 5% higher for the injection method of inoculation in 1996 than for the other trials. The toothpick method of inoculation required less labor and ranked hybrids as consistently or more consistently than the injection method.

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Effect of seed biopriming with Trichoderma harzianum strain INAT11 on Fusarium ear rot and Gibberella ear rot diseases

Biological Control ◽

10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104286 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

pp. 104286

Author(s):

Davide Ferrigo ◽

Massimiliano Mondin ◽

Edith Ladurner ◽

Fabio Fiorentini ◽

Roberto Causin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Fusarium Ear Rot ◽

Ear Rot ◽

Gibberella Ear Rot ◽

Seed Biopriming

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Uji Ketahanan beberapa Varietas Unggul Jagung terhadap Penyakit Gibberella dan Diplodia

Biosfera ◽

10.20884/1.mib.2015.32.2.301 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Soenartiningsih Soenartiningsih

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Ear Rot ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Hybrid Corn ◽

Gibberella Ear Rot ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Check Resistance ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Hybrid Maize ◽

Corn Kernels

Gibberella and Diplodia ear rot is a disease that can damage the corn cobs and corn kernels resulting in lower quality and quantity of seed. The objective of the research are to find the varieties of corn which are resistant the ear rot disease Gibberella and Diplodia. This study was conducted in Limang Karo regency, North Sumatera, a randomized block design with three replications, each treatment comprised 4 rows and each row contained 25 plants with a spacing of 75 x 20 cm. The results showed 25 Hybrid maize tested against Gibberella ear rot there are 7 Hybrid corn hybrids that are resistant to ear rot Kenia-2, NK33, Bima 3, Bima 10 Bima 12 Q, NEI-9008 and X8B649 (check resistance) and moderately resistance there are 9 hybrid that Kenia-3, DK979, NK22, P12, Gumarang, Srikandi putih, Lamuru and Sukmaraga and 9 hybrid to ear rot disease were reacted susceptible and highly susceptible. Whereas from 25 Hybrid maize tested against Diplodia ear rot there are 6 Hybrid corn hybrids resistant to ear rot disease is Kenia - 2, NK33, Bima 3, Bima 12 Q, NEI-9008 and X8B649 (check resistance) while that is moderately resistancet there are 11 hybrid that is Kenia-3, DK979, NK22, P29, Bisi 2, P12, Bima 10, Gumarang, Srikandi putih, Lamuru and Sukmaraga, while 8 hybrid others were reacted susceptible and highly susceptible.

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Evaluation of Inoculation Techniques for Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Contamination of Corn

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.2.147 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 147-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

M. J. Clements ◽

C. E. Kleinschmidt ◽

C. M. Maragos ◽

J. K. Pataky ◽

D. G. White

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Rank Order ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Fusarium Ear Rot ◽

Ear Rot ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Inoculation Technique ◽

Inoculation Techniques

Fumonisins have been associated with potentially serious toxicoses of animals and humans. Prior to initiating a corn (Zea mays) breeding program for resistance to these mycotoxins, an efficient inoculation technique must be developed. Four inoculation techniques were evaluated on 14 commercial corn hybrids in Urbana, IL in 1999 and 2000. The techniques were: injection of inoculum through the ear husk leaves at R2 (blister); silks sprayed with inoculum at R2 and covered with a shoot bag until harvest; silks sprayed with inoculum at R2, covered with a shoot bag, reinoculated 1 week thereafter, and covered with a shoot bag until harvest; and insertion of six Fusarium-colonized toothpicks into the silk channel at R2. Only injection of inoculum through the husk leaves significantly increased the concentration of fumonisin in grain and severity of Fusarium ear rot compared with a control. This technique effectively differentiated hybrids previously identified as resistant or susceptible to Fusarium ear rot. The rank order of hybrids inoculated with this technique did not significantly change in the 2 years of this study. This technique is suitable for efficiently evaluating a large number of corn genotypes for resistance to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin concentration.

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