scholarly journals The Reaction of some Maize Hybrids, Created at ARDS TURDA, to Fusarium spp. Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Laura ȘOPTEREAN ◽  
Loredana SUCIU ◽  
Ana Maria VĂLEAN ◽  
Felicia MUREŞANU ◽  
Carmen PUIA
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Resistance Reaction

The most important disease of maize in Romania are stalk and ear rot, which caused yield losses in average of 20%. The resistant hibrids represent one of the most efficient solution for reducing the field loses caused by Fusarium spp. on the maize (Nagy et al., 2006). Diseases caused by Fusarium spp. can affect the yield and grain quality of maize because of contamination with numerous mycotoxins produced by these fungi (Czembor et al., 2015). The purpose of this paper was to know more about the reaction of different maize hybrids to Fusarium and the evaluating the effect of ear rot on the yield ability and mycotoxins accumulation. The experiments carried out at ARDS Turda, during four years (2012-2015). The biological material was represented by 8 hybrids, from different maturity groups, tested in two infection conditions with Fusarium spp. (natural and artificial infections). The temperature and rainfalls of the four years of experiments corresponding to the vegetation of maize (april-september) are influenced favourably the pathogenesis of stalk and ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. and a good discrimination of the resistance reaction of genotypes. Fusarium ear rot has significantly affected production capacity and chemical composition of corn hybrids tested. In conditions of artificial infection with Fusarium spp. was a decrease in the content of starch, fat and increased protein content compared with artificially inoculated variants. The quantity of fumonizin B1+B2 has reached to 5630 μg/kg in conditions of artificial infection. There are negative correlations between production capacity and degree of attack of fusarium ear rot; depending on the reacting genotypes tested increasing disease causes production decrease. The response of maize hybrids to Fusarium infection is influenced by infection and climatic conditions. These factors affect production both in terms of quantity and quality and accumulation of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals The Influence of Fusarium Ear Infection on the Maize Yield And Quality in Some Maize Hybrids Created at ARDS Turda

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-466
Author(s):  
Laura ȘOPTEREAN ◽  
Loredana SUCIU ◽  
Voichița HAȘ ◽  
Ioan HAȘ ◽  
Carmen PUIA
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Moment

Maize is a host plant for a large number of pathogens, over 50, that invade all of the plant organs from the moment of germination to the moment of harvesting, and cobs and seeds infections continue most of the times during crops storage. Pathogen agents contributes to deterioration and decrease quantity and quality of yield contributes to productions decreasing, both quantitative and qualitatively, with an average percentage of 20 - 25% in our country. The most damaging in quantitative and qualitative point of view are diseases caused by genus Fusarium spp.. The objectives of this paper are determining the productivity and the quality of corn hybrids created at ARDS Turda, in natural and artificial infection with Fusarium spp, and identification of resistant hybrids to Fusarium spp attack. In 2011-2012 the hybrids were tested in natural and artificial infection conditions. The inoculation was made on each cob using 4 ml of suspension. Following research we can assert the following conclusions: in terms of natural infections in both 2011 and 2012 the most productive hybrids were Turda Favorit (10.74 t/ha, 9.87 t/ha) and Turda Star (10.72 t/ha 8.78 t/ha). Yields hybrids in the study decreased by 0.3 t/ha - 1.4 t/ha under artificial infection. Artificial infections produce changes in biochemical composition of the grain. Hybrids analyzed starch content and oil are lower and protein percentage increased after artificial inoculation.

scholarly journals The Influence Of Fusarium Ear Infection On The Maize Yield And Quality In Some Maize Hybrids Created At ARDS Turda

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Laura ȘOPTEREAN ◽  
Loredana SUCIU ◽  
Voichita HAȘ ◽  
Ioan HAȘ ◽  
Carmen PUIA
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Moment

Abstract. Maize is a host plant for a large number of pathogens, over 50, that invade all of the plant organs from the moment of germination to the moment of harvesting, and cobs and seeds infections continue most of the times during crops storage. Pathogen agents contributes to deterioration and decrease quantity and quality of yield contributes to productions decreasing, both quantitative and qualitatively, with an average percentage of 20 - 25% in our country. The most damaging in quantitative and qualitative point of view are diseases caused by genus Fusarium spp.. The objectives of this paper are determining the productivity and the quality of corn hybrids created at ARDS Turda, in natural and artificial infection with Fusarium spp, and identification of resistant hybrids to Fusarium spp attack. In 2011-2012 the hybrids were tested in natural and artificial infection conditions. The inoculation was made on each cob using 4 ml of suspension. Following research we can assert the following conclusions: in terms of natural infections in both 2011 and 2012 the most productive hybrids were Turda Favorit (10.74 t / ha, 9.87 t / ha) and Turda Star (10.72 t / ha 8.78 t / ha). Yields hybrids in the study decreased by 0.3 t / ha - 1.4 t / ha under artificial infection. Artificial infections produce changes in biochemical composition of the grain. Hybrids analyzed starch content and oil are lower and protein percentage increased after artificial inoculation.

Severity of Fusarium ear rot and concentration of fumonisin in grain of Argentinian maize hybrids

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Presello ◽  
Juliana Iglesias ◽  
Grisela Botta ◽  
Guillermo H. Eyhérabide
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Maize Hybrids

scholarly journals Evaluation of Food-Grade Dent Corn Hybrids for Severity of Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Accumulation in Grain

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Kleinschmidt ◽  
M. J. Clements ◽  
C. M. Maragos ◽  
J. K. Pataky ◽  
D. G. White
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Inoculation Technique ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
High Concentrations

Fumonisins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (syn = F. moniliforme) and F. proliferatum have been associated with potentially serious toxicoses of animals and humans. Thus, hybrids with low fumonisin accumulation in grain will be valuable for the production of corn-based human food products. We evaluated 68 food-grade dent corn hybrids for severity of Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin accumulation in grain in inoculated trials in Urbana, IL in 2000 and 2001. Our inoculation technique was successful in initiating fumonisin accumulation that allowed discrimination among hybrids. We identified several hybrids that could have acceptable levels (<4 μg/g) of fumonisin accumulation in Illinois in most years. Twenty-six hybrids with low or high fumonisin accumulation in 2000 were reevaluated in noninoculated trials at three locations in Illinois in 2001. Fumonisin concentration in grain at all three locations was relatively low; thus, separation of hybrids was poor. At two locations, those hybrids with the highest fumonisin concentration in grain also had high concentrations following inoculation. However, one hybrid that had relatively low fumonisin concentration following inoculation had unacceptable levels of fumonisin (5 μg/g) in natural conditions. Therefore, hybrids need to be evaluated by inoculation and further evaluated at locations where the environment favors fumonisin accumulation.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DE FORMAS DE ADUBAÇÃO DE SEMEADURA NA PRODUTIVIDADE DE GRÃOS DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO DE CARVALHO PERON ◽  
RENZO GARCIA VON PINHO ◽  
LUIZ ANTONIO YANES BERNARDO JÚNIOR ◽  
VANDER FILLIPE DE SOUZA ◽  
FRANCIELLY DE CÁSSIA PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Productivity

RESUMO - Entender como o manejo de aplicação de fertilizantes interfere no sistema produtivo é primordial para amanutenção do máximo aproveitamento da produtividade dos híbridos. Desta forma, o objetivo com este trabalho foiverificar a influência da forma de adubação de semeadura, feita a lanço ou localizada, na produtividade de grãos de 33híbridos comerciais de milho, em quatro diferentes safras agrícolas. Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos no municípiode Serra do Salitre, em Minas Gerais (MG), nos meses de novembro de 2015 e de 2016, janeiro e fevereiro de 2017 efevereiro de 2017. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições,com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial de 33 x 2, sendo 33 híbridos de milho e dois sistemas de adubação desemeadura: a lanço e localizada. Na análise conjunta da produtividade de grãos, ocorreram interações significativas entrehíbridos e safras, e também entre formas de adubação e safras. Apesar da interação significativa, o sistema de adubaçãolocalizada foi superior em ambas as safras avaliadas, considerando nível de significância de 5% pelo teste de Tukey.Mesmo com as condições climáticas menos favoráveis na segunda safra, a adubação localizada mostrou-se mais eficiente.Palavras-chave: adubação localizada, adubação a lanço, segunda safra, Zea mays L.EFFECT OF SOWING FERTILIZATIONON GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDSABSTRACT - Understanding how the management of fertilizer application affects the production system is essentialto maximize the productivity of the hybrids. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of broadcasting andbanding fertilization on grain yield of 33 commercial maize hybrids in four different crop seasons. Four experimentswere carried out in Serra do Salitre, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in November 2015, November 2016, January andFebruary 2017. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, with treatmentsarranged in a 33 x 2 factorial scheme, 33 corn hybrids and two sowing fertilization forms, broadcast and bandapplication. The joint analysis of grain yield showed significant interactions between hybrids and crop seasons, andalso between fertilization systems and crop seasons. The unfolding of the interaction between the fertilization formsand crop seasons showed that the yield of grains in the band fertilization was superior compared to the broadcastfertilization, regardless the crop season evaluated. Even with the less favourable climatic conditions in the secondharvest, the band fertilization showed to be more efficient when compared to the broadcast fertilization.Keywords: broadcast fertilizer, band fertilizer, second crop, Zea mays L.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS OF NEW HYBRIDES OF CORN IN EXTREME CONDITIONS OF 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Олег Шайтанов ◽  
Oleg Shaytanov ◽  
Марсель Тагиров ◽  
Marsel Tagirov ◽  
Ханиф Каримов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
The Republic

Evaluation of new breeding samples of early ripening corn hybrids of All-Russian Research Institute was carried out on typical for the Republic of Tatarstan gray forest loamy soils. Unusual climatic conditions for the XXI century of the growing season of 2017 allowed us to make the most rigorous selection among the studied hybrids. At the time of harvesting a sample was detected with grain moisture 33.0 (control 34.6%), starch content in grain 58.8% (control 49.2%), grain productivity in terms of moisture 14.0% - 5.17 tons per hectare (control 4.73 tons per hectare). Also, two samples with grain moisture content of 38.4-38.7% were selected, which surpassed the control by 33.8-39.1%, with an equal starch content. The results of phenological observations of the growth and development of early maturing corn hybrids over 12 years were analyzed. A close negative correlation (r = -0.933) was established between the average daily air temperature and the duration of sprouting of the early ripe maize hybrids. A regression equation was derived, according to which a decrease in average daily air temperature by 1°C increases the duration of emergence of seedlings of early ripe maize hybrids in Tatarstan by 1 day.

scholarly journals The influence of Fusarium ear infection on the maize yield and mycotoxin content (Transylvania-Romania)

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nagy ◽  
V. Haş ◽  
I. Haş ◽  
A. Suciu ◽  
V. Florian
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Rot Disease

The influence of Fusarium ear infection on the maize yield and mycotoxin content (Transylvania-Romania) Maize is the host for a large number of pathogens, which invade all of its organs from the germination until being harvest, ear and grain infection often persistent even during storage. Diseases, through their symptoms reduce significantly the quantity and the quality of yield, estimated between 7-17% but, in the favorable years for this disease, they can be much greater. Fusarium diseases reduce yield value and quality by massive accumulation of Fusarium mycelium biomass (about 85%) on grain and ears and by mycotoxin contamination such as deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins (FUM). In this paper are presented aspects regarding the reaction of some maize hybrids under Fusarium spp. natural and artificial infections; the effect of Fusarium ear infection on yield, grain chemical composition, and mycotoxin content; the correlation between ear rot disease degree and yield ability, starch, protein and fat content. ANOVA evidenced the significant influence of experimental factors: infection conditions with Fusarium spp., maize genotypes, and their interaction on expression of the disease degree, yield capacity, protein, starch, fat and DON content. Average yield losses ranged between 7,0-9,3% during the experimental period. The hybrids Turda Star and Turda Favorit were more resistant to Fusarium ear rot, and Turda 165 was the most susceptible one. The artificial infection of ear with Fusarium spp. determined significantly decrease of starch and fat content and increases the protein and DON content for the most part of maize hybrids. Between rot diseased kernels and DON content a positive correlation was determined.

Vip3Aa and Cry1Ab proteins in maize reduce Fusarium ear rot and fumonisins by deterring kernel injury from multiple Lepidopteran pests

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bowers ◽  
R. Hellmich ◽  
G. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Insect Resistance ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Quality Measurements

Field trials were conducted in 2008, 2009 and 2011 to assess fumonisin contamination in transgenic (Bt) and non- Bt maize hybrids infested with European corn borer, corn earworm, and Western bean cutworm. Comparisons were made among maize hybrids expressing two transgenic insect resistance proteins (Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa), a single resistance protein (Cry1Ab), or no insect resistance. The field design was a randomised complete block design with four replicates of each hybrid × insect combination. Kernel injury, Fusarium ear rot, and fumonisins (FB1+FB2+FB3) in maize grain were measured. These measurements differed significantly among years of the study. In all years, significant positive correlations were present between insect injury and Fusarium ear rot, insect injury and grain fumonisin levels, and Fusarium ear rot and grain fumonisin levels. Under all insect infestation treatments, Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa hybrids were the most resistant of the hybrids with regard to any of the grain quality measurements. Averaged over all insect infestations and years, insect injury, Fusarium ear rot, and grain fumonisin levels were all low in Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa (0.1% and 2.2% of total kernels, and 0.56 mg/kg, respectively). The highest average levels of insect injury, Fusarium ear rot, and grain fumonisin contamination (3.3% and 7.2% of total kernels, and 5.47 mg/kg, respectively) were found in the non-Bt hybrids. The presence of transgenic insect protection (Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa or Cry1Ab) resulted in significant reductions in all grain quality measurements as compared with the non- Bt hybrids. Only grain obtained from Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa hybrids consistently had acceptable fumonisin content according to both US guidance levels and EU regulatory limits. These results indicate that Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa maize hybrids are more likely to yield high quality, low-fumonisin grain compared to hybrids expressing only Cry1Ab or lacking insect resistance.

scholarly journals Reaction of maize hybrids to ear rot caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pastirčák ◽  
M. Lemmens ◽  
A. Šrobárová
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Maize Resistance ◽  
The Way

Ear rot caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph stage: Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch) is a destructive disease of maize. In our experiment we tested twenty maize hybrids. Two inoculation techniques differing in the way of application of a macro-conidial suspension, were evaluated for their effectiveness in assessing maize resistance to ear rot. Based on the results of one season, highly significant differences in sensitivity to Fusarium ear rot between genotypes for all variants under mist irrigation and without mist irrigation, were detected.

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