The economic feasibility of hybrid corn farming on sub optimal dry land in Aceh

This study aims to determine the level of economic feasibility of corn farming in dry land through the application of technological innovations using hybrid corn New High- Yielding varieties seeds. This research used a randomized design and was conducted on 1 hectare of land owned by farmers in Blang Gandai Village, Jeumpa District, Bireun, from April to October 2016. The data collection method was a survey qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative is the characteristics of the research location and an explanation of the hybrid corn varieties. While the quantitative is the analysis data of hybrid corn farming that has been calculated. Sources of data were obtained from information directly from farmers as many as 6 cooperators, were 3 farmers with an introduction practice and 3 farmers with farmers practice. The varieties used were Bima 3 dan Bima 4. Data were collected by interview using a questionnaire with a structured list of questions. The farming data analysis carried out includes the use of production facilities, the use of labor, and the level of efficiency of farming with financial analysis of the R/C ratio. The analysis used is revenue and income, income-to-cost balance (R/C) and income balance cost B/C. The results showed that economically both Bima 3 and Bima 4 varieties provide favorable results where the R/C of both is 1,82. This means that Bima 3 and Bima 4 varieties are very feasible to be developed to increase corn production in Bireun Districts on dry land.

Morphological characteristics and resistance to the pest of local corn variety of “Jago Leke” genetic resources in West Nusa Tenggara

Jago Leke is a local variety of sticky corn in the City of Bima which is very familiar and spread in the Province of NTB, especially on Sumbawa Island. This corn has a fluffier and sweet taste. However, at present its existence is in danger of being displaced by hybrid corn, which in recent years has been mass-cultivated in almost all areas on the island of Sumbawa. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological characters and resistance to pests of sticky corn of the Jago Leke variety in an effort to preserve potential genetic resources. The method used in this research is observation and interviews. The results showed that the jago leke seed had an early maturity of 60 days, reddish stem color, shorter plant height than corn in general, small cobs, and red young cob hair. The main plant pest organisms that attack this jago leke plant are grasshoppers, stem borers, leaf blight, and leaf rust. Plant pest organism attack symptoms occur in both the vegetative and generative phases with different attack intensities.

Socio-economy dynamics of hybrid corn farmers in South Sulawesi

The development of agriculture through technological processes in the field of agriculture is a dynamic of society that results in certain changes in its socio-economic life. The changes that occur in the farming community of hybrid corn seed production include changes in social aspects and economic aspects. In an effort to increase the production and productivity of hybrid corn, quality seeds are needed. To obtain quality seeds, internal and external monitoring is required in accordance with the management of seed quality standards. In seed production, there are two obstacles that are often faced, including social constraints in setting planting distance and time isolation, roguing, and detasseling. Economic constraints are caused by limited capital owned by farmers and the marketing system that is tied to the rights of seed licensors. To anticipate the obstacles that arise in the farming community, the role of the government is needed to take various steps and policies that can support farmers in dealing with their problems. In this case, government support is highly expected in determining the mapping of the seed area so that it can guarantee the purity of the crop in seed production.

Genotype resistance of hybrid corn varieties candidate against major corn diseases

The resistance level of several national superior corn varieties to the primary disease of corn is still varied and unstable. Therefore, evaluating the resistance of hybrid corn varieties candidate to the primary disease of corn is deemed necessary as an initial step in managing the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance reaction of the hybrid corn varieties candidate against the primary disease of corn. This study was conducted at two different locations. The first location was at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (ATRAI) of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute in Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi first, where the test for P. phillipinensis downy mildew, leaf blight, and leaf rust was conducted. The next location was at the ATRAI of Muneng of the Research Institute for Various Nuts and Tubers in Probolinggo, East Java, where the test for the P. maydis downy mildew was conducted. The tests were carried out using plants as the source of the test pathogen inoculum planted around the experimental block. The four corn genotypes tested were CHC1, CHC02, CHC3, CHC5, and CHC5. Meanwhile, the comparison varieties used were P36, Pertiwi-6, PAC339, BISI18, Anoman, and Pulut. The test results showed the two hybrid corn varieties candidate that were moderately resistant to P. philipinensis, namely CHC1 and CHC2, with attack intensities of 30.94% and 32.07%, respectively; one variety candidate resistant to P. maydis, namely CHC1 with an attack intensity of 15.92%. Meanwhile, the five hybrid corn varieties candidate, namely CHC1, CHC02, CHC3, CHC5, and CHC5, showed a moderately resistant reaction to maydis leaf blight and leaf rust with an attack intensity of 35%.

Optimization of hybrid corn seed production in pollination systems at various parent seed planting ratios

The research was carried out on land belonging to the North Sulawesi Agricultural Technology Research Center located at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP) Address Talawaan Bantik Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency in February 2021. This study aims to analyze the different effects of spray pollination treatment on the ratio female and male parents to increase hybrid corn seed production and to obtain the best pollination vs ratio between male and female parents in increasing hybrid seed productivity. This study uses a 2 x 4 Factorial Experimental Design where factor S consists of 2 levels and factor R consists of 4 levels in the RAK pattern, namely: Factor S = Pollination with 2 levels (S1 = Spray Pollination, S2 = Natural Pollination) and Factor R = Male to Female Planting Ratio (R1 = 4 female plants vs. 1 male plant, R2 = 5 female plants vs. 1 male plant, R3 = 6 female plants vs. 1 male plant, R4 = full female plants: solation of male plants) for each treatment repeated 3 times. Based on the analysis of interaction variance, spray pollination treatment at a planting ratio of 6 : 1 was able to increase the yield of hybrid corn seed production. The results of the 5% BNT further test showed the values obtained from observations of the number of rows filled with seeds, the number of seeds in a row, the weight of 10 cobs without husks and the weight of shelled 10 cobs in a row, namely, 12.1, 23.6, 1166.7, 867, 3.

Alternative methodology for the germination test in chemically treated corn hybrid seeds

The objective of this work was to identify the most suitable conditions for the evaluation of the germination test in corn seeds through the use of different substrates. Two tests were carried out for the development of the work. In test 1, the hybrid Morgan 30A37 PWV was used in a factorial scheme of 5 substrates with 8 chemical treatments. The seeds were treated industrially with the following insecticides: Inside FS, Inside FS + Maestro FS, Maestro FS, Poncho, Inside FS + BioCoat Corn, Inside FS + Maestro FS + BioCoat Corn and Maestro FS + BioCoat Corn. For test 2, the hybrid used was the FS533 PWV in a factorial scheme of 5 substrates and 5 treatments, in which the seeds received the industrial treatment with the insecticides: Inside FS, Inside FS + Maestro FS, Maestro FS and Poncho. Both tests were submitted to two temperatures (20°C and 25°C) and five substrates (germitest® paper; germitest® paper + sand; germitest® paper + soil; germitest® paper + coal and brown paper). The most suitable substrates for installing the germination test in chemically treated corn seeds were brown pepper and germitest® + charcoal. And the temperature of 20°C is the one that allows the most uniform and rapid development of normal seedlings in the germination test in treated hybrid corn seeds.

The Effect of Transaction Costs on The Benefits of Hybrid Maize Farming in Dompu District, West Nusa Tenggara

The characteristics of imperfect markets are characterized by the presence of transaction costs. One sector that is an imperfect market is the agricultural sector. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of transaction costs and the implications of transaction costs on the benefits of hybrid corn farming. The research method uses transaction cost analysis and multiple linear regression. The research was conducted in Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara with 120 respondents as corn farmers. The results show that implementation costs are the component of transaction costs that have the highest percentage of 43.35%, then supervision costs are 28.37%, transportation costs are 20.61%, negotiation costs are 3.70%, information costs are 3.41% and coordination 0.57%. These transaction cost components are distributed in each hybrid corn farming cycle, among others; (1) birth cycle; (2) cropping cycle; (3) maintenance cycle; (4) supervision; (5) harvest cycle; and (6) postharvest cycle. The postharvest cycle is the cycle that has the highest percentage of 23.17%, then the maintenance cycle is 18.53%, the harvest cycle is 17.65%, the cropping cycle is 17.28% and the control cycle is 13.99%. Transaction costs have a positive and significant effect on the profits of hybrid corn farming.

Economic nitrogen doses via fertigation for corn cultivation in a semiarid environment

Producers in the northeastern semiarid region of Brazil have been cultivating irrigated corn. The commercialized product comprises mainly green ears and silage. However, the irrigation of crops for dry grain has been questioned regarding costs and price competitiveness in relation to the same non-irrigated product cultivated in other regions. In recent years, the use of drip tapes and fertigation has spread among corn producers in the region. The aim of this study was to determine the N dose, via fertigation, which provides the maximum economic production of corn for dry grain, in two crop seasons (summer and winter), in the semiarid region of Brazil. The experimental design was performed in randomized blocks, with four replications. In both crops, the treatments consisted of four doses of N (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg ha-1) applied in the form of urea. In the hybrid corn (Bt Feroz), the N content was evaluated in terms of leaves, grain yield, gross and net incomes, the rate of return, and the profitability index. Independent of the crop season, the yield of dry grain (5,441.03 kg ha-1) was highest when the corn was fertigated with a dose of 104.05 kg ha-1 N. The highest net incomes of the dry grain were obtained with 80 kg ha-1 N in summer (R$ 1,190.78 ha-1) and 160 kg ha-1 N in winter (R$ 2,757.54 ha-1). The winter crop was more favorable to the economic production of dry grain.