Status Kesehatan dan Uji Spesies Indikator Biologi Ekosistem Mangrove Teluk Yotefa Jayapura

This research was conducted to test the mangrove crab of Sesarmidae family as bio-indicator to assess health status of mangrove ecosystem in Youtefa Bay of Jayapura. Conducted since March-August 2017. Conducted in 3 stations namely St. Enggros, St.Tobati, and St. Nafri. Using the quadratic transect method (1x 1 m) and the quadratic transect (10 x 10 m). Data were analyzed using index of diversity, dominance, evenness, abundance, density, simple linear regression and test criteria of indicator species. The result of the research found the level of mangrove diversity in Enggros Station with the value of index 1.9 then Tobati and Nafri Station of 1, 4 with abundant diversity level. The density of mangroves in the three stations is obtained by Enggors: 1455.6 trees / Ha, Naftri: 1477.8 trees / Ha, and Tobati 1033,5 trees / ha with moderate density categories and good ecosystem health conditions. The biological criteria indicator test shows that the Sesarmidae crab meets the six criteria of the indicator species, so that it can be designated as a species indicator of the health status of the ecosystem.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Fenol Daun Gayam (Inocarpus fagiferus Fosb)

This study aims to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in gayam leaf extract (Incarpus fagiferus Fobs). The research method used is a quasi-experiment that aims to predict the situation to be achieved through actual experiments but no treatment. The sample used is old gayam leaves, with the characteristic of dark green leaf and rough leaf surface. The process of preparing simplicia, ie preparing fresh gayam leaves, dried in an oven temperature 45-50oC, and then dried to produce gayam leaf powder. Samples were extracted with methanol solvent and ethanol for 5 days. The total phenol assay method uses Folin-Ciocalteau method and antioxidant activity test using DPPH free radical retardation method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The results showed that the total phenolic content of gayam leaf extract with ethanol and methanol solvent was 313,704 GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent) and 273,913 GAE, respectively. Antioxidant activity as a free antidote to free radical DPPH is known to be valued with IC50 (inhibitory concentration).

Pewarisan Karakter Fenotip Melon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Hikapel Aromatis’) Hasil Persilangan ♀ ‘Hikapel’ dengan ♂ ‘Hikadi Aromatik’

This research aims to develop cultivars with superior phenotypes of melon and high level of productivity. This research used the individual results of crossing between melon ♀ ‘Hikapel' with ♂ 'Hikadi Aromatik'. The research included qualitative and quantitative phenotype characterization test. The research was conducted in Center of Agrotechnology Innovation University of Gadjah Mada (PIAT-UGM), Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta and Laboratory of Genetics Faculty of Biology UGM on December 2016 until March 2017. Quantitative data analysis used ANOVA testing through PKBT-STAT 2.02 software with Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) method at significance level of 1% and 5%. Melon 'Hikapel Aromatik' has several advantages including oval shape, without net, without lobes, crispy texture, skin-collored yellow RHS (6A), has a 7-14 brix, has volatile aromatic compound and transposon influenced. Based on the results of recapitulation of variance, the characters of 'Hikapel Aromatik' was not uniform.

Keanekaragaman dan Potensi Lobster (Malacostraca: Palinuridae) di Pantai Pameungpeuk, Garut Selatan, Jawa Barat

Coral shrimp (Panulirus spp.) or known as lobster is a potential fishery commodity and economic value. The demand for domestic and export market continues to increase both as local consumption and export. Indonesia is the largest lobster fishery producer in almost all Indonesian waters, from the west coast of Sumatra to the east coast Jayapura, one of which is Pameungpeuk beach, South Garut, West Java. As a result of increasing demand, fishermen try to catch as many lobsters and the impact of lobster prices also in creases and whereas fishermen continuously take it from nature. This study was conducted to determine the diversity and potential of lobster species especially living in high wavy waters along the southern coast of Garut (Pamengpeuk), West Java.The results of observation are only three types of crayfish, namely: a. Panulirus homarus (green lobster sand); b. Panulirus longipes (lobster flower/ red lobster) and Panulirus versicolor (green lobster/bamboo); is most commonly found in the area of south Garut, Pameungpeuk beach with high and strong waves. The percentage of female P longipes species (42.88%) was higher compared to male P. homarus (40%) and ovigerous female of P. versicolor (37.14%). While the sexual ratio between P. homarus (1:2.0:2.0); P. longipes (1:1.2:1.0) and P. versicolor: 1:1.2:1.2 which statistically showed significantly different p <0.05.

Deteksi Gen Litik BRLF1 Epstein-Barr Virus pada Penderita Karsinoma Nasofaring

Rosenmuller fossa. Epithelial malignancy is often found in Chinese populations and Southeast Asia including Indonesia. Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC WHO-3) type is 100% associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Bam-HI R Leftward Reading Frame 1 (BRLF1) lytic gene has an important function as a transition mediator of latent phase to the lytic phase in EBV cycle. Detection of BRLF1 gene by PCR can be used for NPC diagnosis. The aim of this study is to identify BRLF1 lytic genes as molecular markers of Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with conventional PCR method and to determine the sensitivity of conventional PCR method to detect BRLF1 gene. The research design was cross sectional study. A total of 22 DNA samples were isolated from venous blood of NPC patients from RSUD Prof dr Margono Soekarjo, Purwokerto with informed consent. BRLF1 gene identification is done with conventional PCR technique. The results of this research showed that BRLF1 genes as molecular markers lytic cycle of Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients can be identified conventional PCR technique that will produced DNA 157 bp. BRLF1 gene was detected in 16 samples (72.73%) of 22 samples of this study.

Penambahan Ekstrak Alga Sargassum duplicatum Bory pada Medium Kultur In Vitro terhadap Pertumbuhan seedling Anggrek Vanda tricolor Lindl.

Vanda tricolor is an orchid species that has many advantages, some of which are due to its beautiful and various flowers of unique shape and size. Propagation of V. tricolor can be performed by in vitro culture.In vitro culture technique needs appropriate medium to support orchid growth. An algae species, Sargassum duplicatum, can be added into the medium, since it contains growth regulating substances, such as auxin and gibberellin, which are useful for seedling growth. This study aims to know the effect of S. duplicatum application into in vitro culture medium of V. tricolor on the seedling growth and to know the best application of the algaein increasing seedling growth. An experimental method was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were S. duplicatum weight of 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 g/L replicated three times respectively. The variable examined was seedling growth with parameters comprising day of new leaf emergence, leaf number, leaf length, day of new root emergence, root number, root length and plant height. Data were analyzed using ANOVA or F test with confidence level of 95% and 99%. LSD was carried out when F test showed significant difference. The results reveal that application of S. duplicatum extract has significant effect on the growth of V. tricolor seedling. The best application is of 36 g/L algae weight.

Keanekaragaman Ikan di Sungai Luk Ulo Kabupaten Kebumen

Freshwater fish is one of the biodiversity that build river ecosystem structure. Many human activities are carried out in the river as well as in the surrounding areas, such as removal of household waste, excessive fish exploitation and land use activities. This might changes river characteristics and lead to population and biodiversity decline.This research aim to 1) analyzethe diversity and species composition of fishin Luk Ulo River of Kebumen Regency,and 2) analyze the interaction among environmental factors with fish abundance in Luk Ulo River of Kebumen Regency. This research used survey method with cluster random sampling. The river was divided into three different region; upper-stream, middle-stream, and down-stream. Fish collected from 9 stations, i.e. 3 stations in the upper-stream, 3 stations in the middle-stream, and 3 stations in the down-stream. Morphology data were analyzed descriptively in order to make species description. The influences of environmental factor to species abundance were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA).The results showed that the number of fish obtained in this study were 72 individuals classified into 7 families and 13 species. The diversity and abundance of fish are influenced by physical and chemical factors ie temperature, TSS, pH, BOD5, COD, turbidity, DO, conductivity, salinity, current and substrate. BOD5 concentration was correlated positively with fish abundance with a correlation value of 0.540. In contrast, the effect of temperature and pH has a negative correlation to fish abundance with correlation values of -0.731 and -0.024. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and conductivity no effect on fish abundance.

Biodisel dari Mangrove Jenis Nyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum) sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Bahan Bakar Minyak Fosil

Resources of fossil fuel continue to decrease and cannot be renewed so that replacement alternative is needed. Biofuels (biodiesel) become one of the alternatives because it can be renewed and environmentally friendly. First-generation biodiesel from food sources and second generation of food waste can disrupt the availability of food. Those are inefficient because it requires extensive land for its provider. Seed of nyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum) is very potential as biodiesel raw material because of its oil content 40-70% is high compared to other types of plants, such as jatropha range of 40-60% and palm of 46-54%, raw materials saving and having twice of fuel as much as kerosene. The general purpose of this research is to produce third generation biodiesel from nyamplung as material to overcome fossil fuel crisis especially for fishermen and farmers in coastal area of Brebes Regency and surrounding areas. To be able to achieve the goal / general target is done by assessing oil content in nyamplung seed, biodiesel synthesis, intensive culture techniques and models of development of mass culture. The biodiesel yield produced from nyamplung seed oil in this study was 82.87%, in the range of biodiesel yields of previous researchers through a single stage transesterification of 79.03-91,00%. Cetana number and alkyl ester figures in the resulting biodiesel respectively 79.5 and 99.71% have met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The resulting density was 893.1 kg / m3, fog point was 20oC and total glycerol was 0.26%, was approaching the SNI by an insignificant difference, while the acid number generated was 1.86 mg KOH/gr of biodiesel and the biodiesel viscosity was 15.7 mm2 /s has not fulfilled the SNI significantly. To improve the number of acids and viscosity is still needed refinement biodiesel synthesis process through the diversification of the number of esterification stages, alternative types and catalytic levels or optimization of transesterification reaction temperature.

Uji Antagonisme Lentinus cladopus LC4 terhadap Ganoderma boninense Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Kelapa Sawit

The growth of oil palm can not be separated from disease attack. One of the diseases that attack is the Base Stem Rot disease caused by Ganoderma boninense. Efforts to control the pest and disease one of them by using Lentinus Cladopus LC4 biological controller so that the purpose of this study is to determine the potential of L.cladopus LC4 as biological controlling agent G. boninense. The method used is L. cladopus LC4 antagonism test against G. boninense. The results showed that L. cladopus LC4 had antagonistic potency against G. boninense pathogen, although the mechanism did not show any inhibition zone. Therefore, L.cladopus LC4 may be considered for the prevention and control of plant diseases in the field.

Ekstraksi Na-Alginat dari Rumput Laut Padina sp. Menggunakan Konsentrasi Kalium Hidroksida yang Berbeda

The objective of this study was to obtain the best sodium alginate extract from Padina sp. with different potassium hydroxide concentration. Padina sp. was collected in coastal Senggarang, Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands Province. The raw material of Padina sp. was extraction by potassium hydroxide with different concentration (0.6%, 0.8%, 1%). We analyzed content of moisture, ash, yield, viscosity and pH. The best results obtained in the treatment with a solution of KOH concentration 0,8% with content of moisture 10,87%, ash 31,24%, yield 17,82%, viscosity 275,50 cP and pH 8,21.