Effects of weight loss on visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue blood-flow and insulin-mediated glucose uptake in healthy obese subjects

Training increases insulin sensitivity of both whole body and muscle in humans. To investigate whether training also increases insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue, we performed a three-step hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp in eight endurance-trained (T) and eight sedentary (S) young men [insulin infusion rates: 10,000 ( step I), 20,000 ( step II), and 150,000 ( step III) μU · min−1 · m−2]. Glucose and glycerol concentrations were measured in arterial blood and also by microdialysis in interstitial fluid in periumbilical, subcutaneous adipose tissue and in quadriceps femoris muscle (glucose only). Adipose tissue blood flow was measured by 133Xe washout. In the basal state, adipose tissue blood flow tended to be higher in T compared with S subjects, and in both groups blood flow was constant during the clamp. The change from basal in arterial-interstitial glucose concentration difference was increased in T during the clamp but not in S subjects in both adipose tissue and muscle [adipose tissue: step I ( n = 8), 0.48 ± 0.18 mM (T), 0.23 ± 0.11 mM (S); step II ( n = 8), 0.19 ± 0.09 (T), −0.09 ± 0.24 (S); step III( n = 5), 0.47 ± 0.24 (T), 0.06 ± 0.28 (S); (T: P < 0.001, S: P > 0.05); muscle: step I ( n = 4), 1.40 ± 0.46 (T), 0.31 ± 0.21 (S); step II ( n = 4), 1.14 ± 0.54 (T), −0.08 ± 0.14 (S); step III( n = 4), 1.23 ± 0.34 (T), 0.24 ± 0.09 (S); (T: P < 0.01, S: P > 0.05)]. Interstitial glycerol concentration decreased faster in T than in S subjects [half-time: T, 44 ± 9 min ( n = 7); S, 102 ± 23 min ( n = 5); P < 0.05]. In conclusion, training enhances insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake in subcutaneous adipose tissue and in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, interstitial glycerol data suggest that training also increases insulin sensitivity of lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Insulin per se does not influence subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow.

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Microdialysis assessment of local adipose tissue lipolysis during β-adrenergic stimulation in upper-body-obese subjects with type II diabetes

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0970421 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 421-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ellen E. BLAAK ◽

Gerrit J. KEMERINK ◽

Marie Therese W. PAKBIERS ◽

Bruce H. R. WOLFFENBUTTEL ◽

Guido A. HEIDENDAL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Type Ii ◽

Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Adipose Tissue Lipolysis ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

The present study was designed to investigate indicators of abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis (microdialysis), and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow and whole-body lipolysis, in obesity-associated type II diabetes during overnight-fasted conditions (baseline) and during intravenous infusion of the non-selective β-agonist isoprenaline. Basal subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow and isoprenaline-induced increases in adipose tissue blood flow were not signifcantly different between subjects with type II diabetes and non-obese, non-diabetic controls. Adipose tissue interstitial glycerol concentrations were significantly higher in subjects with type II diabetes compared with controls (P< 0.01), and during isoprenaline infusion there was a decrease in interstitial glycerol in both groups (P< 0.001). Arterial glycerol concentrations were higher in subjects with type II diabetes compared with controls (P< 0.05), whereas the increases in arterial glycerol concentration in response to isoprenaline infusion were of a similar magnitude in the two groups. Estimated subcutaneous adipose tissue glycerol release was not significantly different between the groups (controls and subjects with type II diabetes: baseline, -129±32 and -97±72 μmol·min-1·100 g-1 adipose tissue respectively; isoprenaline, -231±76 and -286±98 μmol·min-1·100 g-1 respectively). Values for fat oxidation were not significantly different between groups, whereas the isoprenaline-induced increase in fat oxidation tended to be less pronounced in subjects with type II diabetes compared with controls (0.022±0.008 and 0.038±0.003 g/min respectively; P = 0.058). Thus estimated basal subcutaneous adipose tissue glycerol release, expressed per unit of fat mass, is not different in controls and in subjects with type II diabetes. Additionally, the isoprenaline-induced increases in indicators of local abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, systemic lipolysis and abdominal adipose tissue blood flow responses were comparable in obese subjects with type II diabetes and in controls. The last two findings contrast with previous data from obese subjects, indicating that the regulation of lipolysis may differ in obesity and obesity-associated type II diabetes.

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Subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow varies between superior and inferior levels of the anterior abdominal wall

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/sj.ijo.0802541 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 228-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J-L Ardilouze ◽

F Karpe ◽

J M Currie ◽

K N Frayn ◽

B A Fielding

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Abdominal Wall ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽

Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

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Effect of training on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis determined by microdialysis in human adipose tissue

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.6.e1059 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 269 (6) ◽

pp. E1059-E1066 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

B. Stallknecht ◽

L. Simonsen ◽

J. Bulow ◽

J. Vinten ◽

H. Galbo

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Physical Work ◽

Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Epinephrine Infusion ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Trained humans (Tr) have a higher fat oxidation during submaximal physical work than sedentary humans (Sed). To investigate whether this reflects a higher adipose tissue lipolytic sensitivity to catecholamines, we infused epinephrine (0.3 nmol.kg-1.min-1) for 65 min in six athletes and six sedentary young men. Glycerol was measured in arterial blood, and intercellular glycerol concentrations in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured by microdialysis. Adipose tissue blood flow was measured by 133Xe-washout technique. From these measurements adipose tissue lipolysis was calculated. During epinephrine infusion intercellular glycerol concentrations were lower, but adipose tissue blood flow was higher in trained compared with sedentary subjects (P < 0.05). Glycerol output from subcutaneous tissue (Tr: 604 +/- 322 nmol.100 g-1.min-1; Sed: 689 +/- 203; mean +/- SD) as well as arterial glycerol concentrations (Tr: 129 +/- 36 microM; Sed: 119 +/- 56) did not differ between groups. It is concluded that in intact subcutaneous adipose tissue epinephrine-stimulated blood flow is enhanced, whereas lipolytic sensitivity to epinephrine is the same in trained compared with untrained subjects.

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Measurement of subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow in the morbidly obese using a laser Doppler velocimeter

10.1117/12.60230 ◽

1992 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gerald A. Klassen ◽

Barry E. Paton ◽

Geoff Maksym ◽

David Janigan ◽

Bernard Perey

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Laser Doppler ◽

Laser Doppler Velocimeter ◽

Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

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Total Forearm Blood Flow as an Indicator of Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow: Effect of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Blood Flow

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0870559 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 559-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

E. E. Blaak ◽

M. A. van Baak ◽

G. J. Kemerink ◽

M. T. W. Pakbiers ◽

G. A. K. Heidendal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Forearm Blood Flow ◽

Muscle Blood Flow ◽

Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Flow Through ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

1. In studying forearm skeletal muscle substrate exchange, an often applied method for estimating skeletal muscle blood flow is strain gauge plethysmography. A disadvantage of this method is that it only measures total blood flow through a segment of forearm and not the flow through the individual parts such as skin, adipose tissue and muscle. 2. In the present study the contribution of forearm subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow was evaluated in lean (% body fat 17.0 ± 2.2) and obese males (% body fat 30.9 ± 1.6) during rest and during infusion of the non-selective β-agonist isoprenaline. Measurements were obtained of body composition (hydrostatic weighing), forearm composition (magnetic resonance imaging) and of total forearm (venous occlusion plethysmography), skin (skin blood flow, laser Doppler), and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (133Xe washout technique). 3. The absolute forearm area and the relative amount of fat (% of forearm area) were significantly higher in obese as compared to lean subjects, whereas the relative amounts of muscle and skin were similar. 4. During rest, the percentage contribution of adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow was significantly higher in lean compared with obese subjects (19 vs 12%, P < 0.05), whereas there were no differences in percentage contribution between both groups during isoprenaline infusion (10 vs 13%). Furthermore, the contribution of adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow was significantly lower during isoprenaline infusion than during rest in lean subjects (P < 0.05), whereas in the obese this value was similar during rest and during isoprenaline infusion. 5. In conclusion, although the overall contribution of adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow seems to be relatively small, the significance of this contribution may vary with degree of adiposity. Calculations on the contribution of adipose tissue blood flow and SBF to total forearm blood flow indicate that the contribution of non-muscular flow to total forearm blood flow may be of considerable importance and may amount in lean subjects to 35–50% of total forearm blood flow in the resting state.

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