The gender dimension of the agrarian transition: women, men and livelihood diversification in two peri-urban farming communities in the Philippines

This article is based on the study which investigated the socioeconomic and biophysical conditions of the upland farming communities in the Philippines; identified the development pathways that were undertaken by the upland farmers; and determined level of sustainability of the upland farming communities on the basis of their development pathways. This article argues that agroforestry farmers in upland farming communities in the Philippines can attain sustainability. This argument is based on the study conducted in the three pilot upland communities of the Conservation Farming Villages program in Albay, Ifugao and Negros Oriental, Philippines. From seven focus group discussions (FGDs) with at least 12 participants per FGD for a total of 147 farmers, and farm household survey of 230 upland farmers, research results indicate that agroforestry farmers in the three study sites were smallholders and were cultivating in areas with marginal conditions. There were five development pathways identified. These are monocropping in contour, multiple cropping in contour, agroforestry, agroforestry with non-farm activities, and multiple cropping/monocropping without contour. With the community capitals framework as the theoretical foundation, analysis indicated that the five development pathways contributed to a high level of social, human and political capitals having mean scores of 0.73, 0.55 and 0.54, respectively; a moderate level of physical, financial and natural capital, with mean scores of 0.23, 0.20 and 0.23, respectively; and a very low level of cultural capital with mean score of -0.08. At the community level, on the other hand, research results revealed that the CFV sites in Ligao, Albay and La Libertad, Negros Oriental have almost similar contributions to the sustainability of the upland farming communities, while Alfonso Lista, Ifugao had the lowest. Thus, institutional arrangements with the farmers’ association and the local government units also played a key role in the sustainability of the upland farming communities. These results imply the need for a holistic and collaborative engagement towards attaining sustainable upland farming communities.

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Determinants of Livelihood Diversification Under Environmental Change in Coastal Community of Bangladesh

Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development ◽

10.1177/1018529120946159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1-2) ◽

pp. 7-26

Author(s):

Apurba Roy ◽

Sudipa Basu

Keyword(s):

Environmental Change ◽

Household Head ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Livelihood Diversification ◽

Farming Communities ◽

Income Sources ◽

Climate And Environmental Change ◽

Domestic Bird ◽

Medium Level

The life and livelihood of coastal farming communities in Bangladesh are highly vulnerable to climate and environmental change. Diversification of farmers’ income sources beyond agriculture can be an effective way to cope with the adverse impacts of environmental change. The purpose of this study is to analyse the options and determinants of livelihood diversification (LD) strategies adopted by farmers in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Multiple linear regression technique along with Simpson index, Herfindahl index and priority index have been used for the analysis. Simple random sampling and multistage sampling have been used to select the sample and the study area, respectively. The magnitude of farming household diversification is at medium level. A significant share of annual income comes primarily from fish and rice production, domestic bird rearing and working as agricultural labour. The adoption of diversified activities is strongly influenced by age and education of household head, number of earning family members, social network and government donation. The frequent occurrence of natural disasters, inadequate infrastructure and lack of financial capacity are the critical constraints to LD.

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Risk factors for Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm in urban farming communities in western Côte d'Ivoire

Tropical Medicine & International Health ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01841.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 709-723 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Barbara Matthys ◽

Andres B. Tschannen ◽

Norbert T. Tian-Bi ◽

Hermann Comoé ◽

Salia Diabaté ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Urban Farming ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Farming Communities ◽

Côte D'ivoire

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Mariculture development and livelihood diversification in the Philippines

Marine Policy ◽

10.1016/j.marpol.2011.12.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 867-881 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Nerissa D. Salayo ◽

Maripaz L. Perez ◽

Len R. Garces ◽

Michael D. Pido

Keyword(s):

The Philippines ◽

Livelihood Diversification

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Tiger grass (Thysanolaena maxima) cultivation in CALSANAG watershed in Romblon, Philippines: dilemmas and prospects for sustainable natural resources management

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

Author(s):

LEILA LANDICHO ◽

MARIA THERESA NEMESIS P. OCAMPO ◽

ROWENA ESPERANZA D. CABAHUG ◽

ROMNICK S. BALITON ◽

EDGARDO ANDALECIO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Household Survey ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

The Philippines ◽

Natural Resources Management ◽

Biophysical Characterization ◽

Resources Management ◽

Farming Communities ◽

Alternative Sources

Abstract. Landicho LD, Ocampo MTNP, Cabahug RED, Baliton RS, Andalecio E, Inocencio R, Servanez M, Cosico RSA, Abadillos MG, Catillo AKA. 2020. Tiger grass (Thysanolaena maxima) cultivation in CALSANAG watershed in Romblon, Philippines: dilemmas and prospects for sustainable natural resources management. Biodiversitas 21: 2322-2330. Promoting sustainable natural resources management is a complex issue such that striking a balance between socioeconomic productivity and environmental integrity remains a challenge. This paper highlights the results of a study conducted from April to December 2019, which assessed the state of natural resources management in Barangay Marinorte, Romblon, which is part of the CALSANAG (Calatrava, San Andres, and San Agustin) Watershed. Biophysical characterization was done to determine land use and biodiversity, while farm household survey was administered to 133 farmers to characterize their socioeconomic conditions. Results showed that all of the farmer-respondents were engaged in the production of tiger grass (Thysanolaena maxima Roxb), where most of the farm households derived an estimated annual income of >Php50,000. Although their household income is higher as compared to other upland farming communities in the Philippines, most of them expressed that their income is insufficient since tiger grass is harvested only once a year, and the farmers have no alternative sources of income. On the other hand, biophysical characterization revealed the following: the farms are generally rainfed, have rolled to steep slopes, and have indications of low soil fertility, soil erosion incidence, and very low level of biodiversity (0.92). Most of the farmers practiced "slash-and-burn" to cultivate tiger grass as a single crop and hence, the forest cover has declined. A multi-agency collaboration jointly initiated agroforestry promotion in the upland farming communities through capability-building of upland farmers in agroforestry and establishment of tiger grass-based agroforestry model which showcases the economic and ecological viability of agroforestry systems in CALSANAG Watershed.

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Ecological services of agroforestry systems in selected upland farming communities in the Philippines

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210237 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Romnick Baliton ◽

LEILA LANDICHO ◽

Rowena Esperanza Cabahug ◽

ROSELYN F. PAELMO ◽

Kenneth Laruan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Stock ◽

Alley Cropping ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

The Philippines ◽

Ecological Services ◽

Farming Communities ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Study Sites

Abstract. Baliton RS, Landicho LD, Cabahug RED, Paelmo RF, Laruan KA, Rodriguez RS, Visco RG, Castillo AKA. 2020. Ecological services of agroforestry systems in selected upland farming communities in the Philippines. Biodiversitas 21: 707-717. A study was conducted in three selected upland farming communities in Nueva Vizcaya, Benguet and Quezon, Philippines to assess the ecological services of agroforestry systems. Results showed that alley cropping was the dominant agroforestry system in Nueva Vizcaya, while vegetable-based and coffee-based multistorey systems were found prevailing in Benguet and Quezon provinces. Agrobiodiversity assessment revealed that the values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index of agroforestry systems in the three study sites were considered to be low to moderate, ranging from 2.21 to 2.71. This validates that the number of individuals per species in the agroforestry landscape was not evenly distributed. The means of biomass in the three study sites, ranging from 106.22-127 tons ha-1, were higher than that of agroforestry systems (102.80 tons ha-1) in the Philippines. The agroforestry systems in Nueva Vizcaya had the largest carbon stock of 57.15 ton C ha-1, followed by Quezon 52.96 ton C ha-1 and Benguet 47.80 ton C ha-1. These results are comparable to the overall mean of carbon stock of tree plantations (59.0 ton C ha-1) and higher than that of agroforestry systems in the Philippines, i.e., 45.4 ton C ha-1. Therefore, this article argues that the different agroforestry systems provide ecological services in the upland farming communities in the Philippines.

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