Large‐scale use of hollow fibre and microencapsulated pink bollworm pheromone formulations integrated with conventional insecticides for the control of the cotton pest complex in Egypt

AbstractHollow-fibre, microencapsulated and twist-tie formulations of the pheromone of the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) were used in trials conducted in Pakistan from 1985–1988. Early season control of this pest by mating disruption, permitted an average reduction of two applications, of conventional insecticides otherwise required to control the cotton pest complex, particularly at the time of flower and fruit setting when beneficial insects are most numerous. The pheromone formulations, together with a mixture of selective and broad-spectrum insecticides in plots of 5 or 10 ha of cotton were compared with plots of cotton, of similar size in the same locality treated with a conventional insecticide spray programme and in plots where no insecticide applications were made for the control of bollworms. Comparisons of numbers of infested bolls and estimated yields showed that levels of control achieved using the pheromone/insecticide combinations were equal in effect to conventional programmes of insecticide sprays, whereas in plots where no bollworm control measures were taken, significantly higher bollworm infestations and reduced yield estimates were recorded.

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New large-scale hollow fibre membrane cartridges

Membrane Technology ◽

10.1016/0958-2118(93)90014-d ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1993 (39) ◽

pp. 6

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Hollow Fibre ◽

Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽

Fibre Membrane

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The cost of a large-scale hollow fibre MBR

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.054 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 44 (18) ◽

pp. 5274-5283 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Bart Verrecht ◽

Thomas Maere ◽

Ingmar Nopens ◽

Christoph Brepols ◽

Simon Judd

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Hollow Fibre ◽

The Cost

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Indian scenario on the occurrence of a dreaded insect pest Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella on Bt cotton-A review

Journal of Environmental Biology ◽

10.22438/jeb/43/1/mrn-1850 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 11-19

Author(s):

G.M.V. Prasada Rao ◽

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Pink Bollworm ◽

Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽

Bt Cotton ◽

Cry Toxins ◽

Indian Populations ◽

Indian Scenario

The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, has become a significant production constraint on Bt cotton in India. This problem is unique to India because the pest has developed multi-fold resistance to Cry toxins in many Indian populations but not in other countries. Most Indian populations have developed multifold resistance to Cry 1 Ac and Cry 1Ac + Cry 2 Ab toxins. Year-round cultivation of long-duration Bt cotton hybrids on a large scale has a pronounced impact on the incidence. Also discussed other factors responsible for the occurrence of pink bollworm on Bt cotton in India. Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategies implemented by different cotton-growing countries globally; the USA, India, and China had a significant impact on the interaction of pink bollworm on Bt cotton. Huge selection pressure resulted in resistance to Cry toxins. Time-tested IPM, if implemented on a community basis focusing on pheromones technology and closed season, will help sustain the cotton cultivation in India in the future. Thus, this review aims to congregate exhaustive information on the history, biology, resistance to Bt cotton, and Integrated Management (IPM) options for the Indian scenario, which would help researchers in their future endeavors.

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Large-scale purification of enzymes

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1983.0003 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 300 (1100) ◽

pp. 249-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Cyanogen Bromide ◽

Extended Period ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Hollow Fibre ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Noxious Chemicals ◽

Individual Enzyme ◽

Storage Properties ◽

Triazine Dye

Many standard procedures for the purification of proteins in the laboratory do not readily lend themselves to scaling up, whereas, on the other hand, some techniques relatively unsatisfactory in the laboratory are much more effective on a large scale. When producing gram or kilogram quantities of enzymes for use over an extended period, the storage properties and general tractability of the purified products become increasingly important. Hence enzymes from thermophilic sources frequently have advantages over those from mesophiles. The possible economic advantages of simultaneous large-scale multi-enzyme isolation over separate individual enzyme purifications are evaluated. Batchwise adsorption and elution from ion-exchange celluloses frequently replace traditional precipitation techniques in the early stages of a large-scale purification. Dialysis is replaced by concentration, dilution and reconcentration with the use of hollow-fibre ultrafiltration equipment. Antiphonally direct scaling-up of column chromatographic procedures is usually possible. Modifications to column geometry to maximize flow rates are often desirable but purification factors and recoveries comparable with those obtained on the laboratory scale can be achieved relatively easily. Classical affinity chromatographic techniques have not proved so amenable to large-scale work, mainly because of the enormous expense and rather short life of the matrices. However, the quasi-affinity chromatography afforded by the triazine dye conjugates has proved of great benefit. The materials are cheap to prepare. The coupling procedures are both simple and rapid and do not involve the use of noxious chemicals such as cyanogen bromide. Moreover the triazine linkage is more stable under a variety of conditions than the isourea formed in cyanogen bromide coupling. Considerable further exploitation of these versatile matrices is expected.

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Experimental evaluation of intermittent aeration of a hollow fibre membrane bioreactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2011.361 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 1217-1223 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Bart Verrecht ◽

Christopher James ◽

Eve Germain ◽

Wenjing Ma ◽

Simon Judd

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Membrane Bioreactor ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Hollow Fibre ◽

Membrane Bioreactors ◽

High Flux ◽

Intermittent Aeration ◽

Small Plant ◽

Membrane Aeration ◽

Net Flux

Intermittent membrane aeration provides a substantially improved energy efficiency in hollow fibre-based immersed membrane bioreactors (HF iMBRs). The benefits of intermittent aeration have been assessed with respect to sustaining a target flux and/or limiting the fouling rate to a sustainable level based on a small plant using full-scale HF modules. Results show that for the same specific aeration demand per unit of permeate produced (SADp), fouling rates were significantly lower for 10 s filtration, 30 s relaxation (“10:30” intermittent aeration) compared to 10:10 and continuous aeration. At a net flux (Jnet) of 23.3 litres m−2 h−1 (LMH), a SADp of 4.6 was found sufficient to sustain operation, this value being up to 75% and 50% lower compared to continuous and 10:10 aeration respectively. This empirical data was compared with heuristic data from 5 large scale HF iMBR plants, which revealed that 10:30 aeration can sustain a relatively high flux (up to 25.3 LMH) under dry weather conditions in warm climates, with the recorded SADp ranging from 5.3–10.9.

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Large-Scale Evaluation of Association Between Pheromone Trap Captures and Cotton Boll Infestation for Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/tox086 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 1345-1350 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yves Carrière ◽

Larry Antilla ◽

Leighton Liesner ◽

Bruce E. Tabashnik

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Pheromone Trap ◽

Pink Bollworm ◽

Cotton Boll ◽

Scale Evaluation

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Erratum (Vol. 81(4), 371–378) Critchley, B. R., Chamberlain, D. J., Campion, D. G., Attique, M. R., Ali, M. & Ghaffar, A. Integrated use of pink bollworm pheromone formulations and selected coventional insecticides for the control of the cottonpest complex in Pakistan

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300051634 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 144-144

Keyword(s):

Pink Bollworm ◽

Pheromone Formulations ◽

Image Position

Critchley, B. R., Chamberlain, D. J., Campion, D. G., Attique, M. R., Ali, M. & Ghaffar, A.Integrated use of pink bollworm pheromone formulations and selected coventional insecticides for the control of the cottonpest complex in Pakistan.Due to a typesetting error the headings for table 6 on p.376 were printed incorrectly.The Editors wish to make clear that the authors were in no way responsible for this error and apologise for any embarrassment which may have been caused.

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