scholarly journals The history of universal access to emergency contraception in Peru: a case of politics deepening inequalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (54) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Puig Borràs ◽  
Brenda I Álvarez Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
History Of

A Critical Appraisal of Education in the Caribbean and Its Evolution From Colonial Origins to Twenty-First Century Responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Brissett
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Caribbean Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Caribbean

The countries in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) share a history of colonialism that has left an indelible mark on all their institutions and systems of socialization, including education. A dominating theme across these countries is the question of equitable access to quality education at all levels, an issue that increasingly finds resonance in the 21st century’s technological era. The region has generally made important strides in the areas of universal access to basic education and increasingly to secondary education. Tertiary education has also been prioritized under the new “knowledge economy,” with many countries exceeding the 15% of qualified cohort (those who are academically qualified to be enrolled) that was set as a regional target in 1997 by Caribbean governments. Yet, even with these strides, the education project is still incomplete, with new and continued challenges of affordability and quality. These concerns are now incorporated into the Caribbean’s deliberate attempts at regionalism through the Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME), which serves as CARICOM’s organizing mechanism to face the new opportunities and challenges of the 21st century’s knowledge economy. These regional and development plans are expressed in CARICOM’s Human Resource Development 2030 Strategy (HRD Strategy), a multiyear development plan that is predicated on educational advancement across the region. The Caribbean’s educational achievements, equity challenges, and development plans are best understood in a historical context that captures the social, political-economic, and cultural idiosyncrasies of the region.

A case report of haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn caused by Alloantibody D and Jka in a Rhesus D negative Nigerian woman: Justification for the implementation of universal access to prophylaxis and evidenced-based best practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Osaro Erhabor ◽  
Williams Bitty Azachi ◽  
Erhabor Tosan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Haemolytic Disease ◽  
Nigerian Woman ◽  
Intrauterine Transfusion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evidenced Based

A case report of a 38 years old ABO group A and Rhesus D negative multiparous, gravidae 8 and para 2, Nigerian woman who had a case of premarital miscarriage and who was not offered anti-D prophylaxis as part of her management. Lady went on to develop alloantibody D and Jka. Lady has had 7 further pregnancies post the miscarriage. The first child who is B Rhesus D positive is the only surviving child. The surviving child was delivered severely jaundiced and needed management post-delivery for haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN). Lady has had a history of a stillbirth. She was given a non-clinically indicated anti-D prophylaxis during the second pregnancy despite having been previously sensitized. The second baby died 3 months after delivery from complications of HDFN. She had had a further history of 5 miscarriages. She has had challenge with conception since 2010. Alloantibody testing confirms the presence alloantibody D and anti-Jka. Finding from this is a clear case of sub-optimal laboratory, obstetric and neonatal care offered particularly to pregnant women who are Rh D negative and those with alloantibodies in Nigeria. The Nigerian government will need to implement evidenced-based best practices; determination of alloantibody status of pregnant women during their first antenatal visit; provision of facilities for alloantibody identification, titration, quantification and feto maternal haemorrhage testing (FMH); implementation of a policy on universal access to anti-D prophylaxis for pregnant Rh D negative women who are not previously sensitized; provision of facilities required for the optimal intrauterine management of HDFN (foetal genotype testing, intrauterine transfusion, doppler ultrasound to diagnose anaemia inutero and provision of donor blood that meet the minimum requirements for intrauterine transfusion); determination of Rh D status of women who require a termination of pregnancy and provision of prophylactic anti-D for those found Rh D negative within 72 hours of procedure and the optimization of the knowledge of Medical Laboratory Scientist, Obstetricians, Neonatologist, Pharmacist and Traditional Birth Attendants in a bid to reduce the residual number of women who become sensitized and the number of preventable deaths of babies with HDFN.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Malaria Infection Identified through Reactive Case Detection in Zanzibar, 2012-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey Raphael Mkali ◽  
Erik J. Reaves ◽  
Shabbir M. Lalji ◽  
Abdul-wahid Al-mafazy ◽  
Joseph J. Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Reactive Case Detection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Llin Use ◽  
History Of

Abstract BackgroundOver the past two decades, Zanzibar substantially reduced malaria burden. As malaria decreases, sustainable improvements in prevention and control interventions may increasingly depend on accurate knowledge of malaria risk factors to further target interventions. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with malaria infection in Zanzibar. MethodsWe analyzed surveillance data from Zanzibar’s Malaria Case Notification system collected between August 2012 and December 2019. This system collects data from all malaria cases passively detected and reported by public and private health facilities, from household-based follow-up and reactive case detection activities linked to those primary cases. All members of households of the passively detected malaria cases were screened for malaria using a malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT); individuals with a positive mRDT result were treated with artemisinin-based combination therapy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to investigate the association between mRDT positivity among the household members and explanatory factors (i.e., age, sex, history of fever, history of travel, rainfall, long-lasting insecticidal net [LLIN] density, LLIN use, household indoor residual spraying [IRS], and household location) with adjustment for seasonality ResultsThe findings show that younger age (p-value for trend<0.001), history of fever in the last two weeks (odds ratio [OR]=32.0; 95% CI: 29.1-35.3), history of travel outside Zanzibar in the last 30 days (OR=2.3; 95% CI: 2.1-2.6) and living in Unguja (OR=1.2; 95% CI: 1.1-1.3) were independently associated with increased odds of mRDT positivity. In contrast, male sex (OR=0.8; 95% CI: 0.7-0.9), having higher household LLIN density (p-value for trend<0.001), sleeping under an LLIN the previous night (OR=0.8; 95% CI: 0.7-0.9), and living in a household that received IRS in the last 12 months (OR=0.9; 95% CI: 0.8-0.9) were independently associated with reduced odds of mRDT positivity. A significant effect modification of combining IRS and LLIN was also noted (OR=0.7; 95% CI:0.6-0.8).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that vector control remains an important malaria prevention intervention: they underscore the need to maintain universal access to LLINs, the persistent promotion of LLIN use, and application of IRS. Additionally, enhanced behavioral change and preventive strategies targeting children aged 5-14 years and travelers are needed.

scholarly journals The Period Products (Free Provision) (Scotland) Act 2021 in the context of menstrual politics and history: An introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Bildhauer ◽  
Camilla Mork Røstvik ◽  
Sharra L Vostral
Keyword(s):  
Universal Access ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

In January 2021, Scotland became the first country in the world to make universal access to free period products a legal right, an initiative which attracted extraordinary international attention as a “world first”. This introduction outlines from the perspective of the history of menstruation what is indeed new and ground-breaking about this law, and what merely continues traditional and widespread conceptions, policies and practices surrounding menstruation. On the basis of on analysis the parliamentary debates of the Act, we show that it gained broad political support by satisfying a combination of ten different political agendas:&nbsp;promoting gender equality for women while acknowledging broader gender diversity, practically alleviating one high-profile aspect of poverty at a relatively low overall cost to the state, tackling menstrual stigma, improving access to education, working with grassroots campaigners, improving public health, and accommodating sustainability concerns, as well as the desire to pass world-leading legislation in itself. We in each case show to what extent the particular political aim is typical of, or else departs from, recent wider trajectories in the history and politics of menstruation, and, where pertinent, trajectories in Scottish political history. The ten agendas in their international context provide a kaleidoscopic insight into the current state of menstrual politics and history in Scotland and beyond. This introduction also situates this Special Collection as a whole in relation to the field of Critical Menstruation Studies and provides background information about the legislative process and key terminology in Scottish politics and in the history of menstruation.

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