The effect of intestinal glucose load on neural regulation of food craving

Abstract Background Restrictive food intake in anorexia nervosa (AN) has been related to an overactive cognitive control network inhibiting intuitive motivational responses to food stimuli. However, the influence of short-term homeostatic signaling on the neural regulation of cue-induced food craving in AN is still unclear. Methods Twenty-five women with AN and 25 matched normal-weight women were examined on two occasions after receiving either glucose or water directly into their stomach using a nasogastric tube. Participants were blinded to the type of infusion. An event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm was used to investigate the effect of intestinal glucose load on neural processing during either simple viewing or distraction from food stimuli. Results Neural differences between patients with AN and normal-weight participants were found during the distraction from food stimuli, but not during the viewing condition. When compared to controls, patients with AN displayed increased activation during food distraction in the left parietal lobule/precuneus and fusiform gyrus after water infusion and decreased activation in ventromedial prefrontal and cingulate regions after intestinal glucose load. Conclusions Independent of the cephalic phase and the awareness of caloric intake, homeostatic influences trigger disorder-specific reactions in AN. Food distraction in patients with AN is associated with either excessive higher-order cognitive control during physiological hunger or decreased internally directed attention after intestinal glucose load. These findings suggest that food distraction plays an important role in the psychopathology of AN. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with identifier: NCT03075371.

Download Full-text

Interventionen zur Regulation von Food Craving: Eine Übersicht

Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1661-4747/a000370 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 39-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julia Nannt ◽

Ines Wolz ◽

Jennifer Svaldi

Keyword(s):

Food Craving

Zusammenfassung. Food Craving ist ein Kernmerkmal verschiedener Essstörungen und hängt mit Übergewicht, Adipositas und pathologischem Essverhalten zusammen. Ziel dieses Überblicksartikels ist es daher, den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu empirisch überprüften Interventionen zur Reduktion von Food Craving bei gesunden Personen sowie bei Personen mit klinischer oder subklinischer Essstörung darzustellen. Dabei wurden kognitive Regulationsstrategien, Trainings zur Modifikation von exekutiven Funktionen, expositionsorientierte Interventionen, Imaginationsverfahren, Bio- und Neurofeedback sowie Achtsamkeitstrainings berücksichtigt. Es zeigten sich unterschiedliche Effekte bezüglich der Wirksamkeit dieser Interventionen zur Reduktion des Cravings. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass einige der Interventionen Ansatzpunkte zur Behandlung von Personen mit Essstörungen bieten, allerdings sollten die Limitationen der jeweiligen Studien sowie die Vorläufigkeit der Ergebnisse berücksichtigt werden.

Download Full-text

Effect of Heart Rate Variability on Defensive Reaction and Eating Disorder Symptomatology in Chocolate Cravers

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803.23.3.95 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 95-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sonia Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽

Elisabeth Ruiz-Padial ◽

Nieves Vera ◽

Carmen Fernández ◽

Lourdes Anllo-Vento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Rest Period ◽

Food Craving ◽

Defensive Reaction ◽

Relevant Role ◽

Eating Disorder Symptomatology ◽

Uncontrolled Eating

The study examines the effect of heart rate variability (HRV) on the cardiac defence response (CDR) and eating disorder symptomatology in chocolate cravers. Female chocolate cravers (n = 36) and noncravers (n = 36) underwent a psychophysiological test to assess their HRV during a 5-min rest period, followed by three trials to explore the CDR, elicited by an intense white noise, during the viewing of chocolate, neutral, and unpleasant pictures. After the test, participants completed a questionnaire to measure eating disorder symptomatology. The HRV was inversely related to the magnitude of the CDR and to eating disorder symptomatology in chocolate cravers. In addition, the HRV was inversely related to the magnitude of the CDR when viewing unpleasant pictures but not to neutral or chocolate ones, across all participants. These findings support the idea that poor autonomic regulation, indexed by low HRV, plays a relevant role in food craving and uncontrolled eating behavior.

Download Full-text

Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait--Reduced; Greek Version

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t77989-000 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Konstantinos Koutoulogenis ◽

F. Gonidakis ◽

M. Giannakoulia ◽

M. Vasiliadou

Keyword(s):

Food Craving ◽

Greek Version

Download Full-text

STUDIES IN CONGENITAL GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0720495 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 495-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Oddmund Søvik ◽

Svein Oseid

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽

Large Individual ◽

Immunoreactive Insulin ◽

List Type ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy ◽

The One

ABSTRACT The biological activity of plasma insulin from 4 cases of congenital generalized lipodystrophy has been studied, using rat diaphragm and epididymal adipose tissue in vivo. The results are compared with previous data on plasma immunoreactive insulin obtained in these patients. 2 of the 4 cases exhibited unusually high biological insulin activities during the fasting state as well as after an intravenous (iv) glucose load. In the fat pad assay activities as high as 10 000 μU insulin per ml were observed. During childhood the biological insulin activities were generally high, although there were large individual variations. However, in the one case studied after the age of puberty, the insulin response to a glucose load was negligible. Taken together, the biological and immunological activities observed strongly suggest the presence of pancreatic insulin in these patients. It appears that the circulating insulin has a fully biological activity. The decreasing insulin activities after cessation of growth are in agreement with the appearance of frank diabetes at this time.

Download Full-text