The spatial correspondence hypothesis and orienting in response to central and peripheral spatial cues

Although recent evidence suggests that visual short-term memory (VSTM) is a continuous resource, little is known about how flexibly this resource can be allocated. Previous studies using probabilistic cues to indicate two different levels of probe probability have found that response precision can be predicted according to a continuous allocation of resources that depends on attentional priority. The current study used a continuous report procedure and attentional prioritization via simultaneous probabilistic spatial cues to address whether participants can use up to three levels of attentional priority to allocate VSTM resources. Three experiments were performed with differing priority levels, different cues, and cue presentation time. Although group level analysis demonstrated flexible allocation, there was limited evidence that participants were using three priority levels. An individual differences approach revealed that a minority of participants were using three levels of attentional priority, demonstrating that, while possible, it is not the predominant pattern of behavior.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Analysis of Two Major Approaches for Mapping the Wildland-Urban Interface: A Case Study in California

Land ◽

10.3390/land10070679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 679

Author(s):

Avi Bar-Massada

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Practical Purpose ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Spatial Accuracy ◽

Wildland Urban Interface ◽

Spatial Correspondence ◽

Data Requirements

The Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) is where human settlements border or intermingle with undeveloped land, often with multiple detrimental consequences. Therefore, mapping the WUI is required in order to identify areas-at-risk. There are two main WUI mapping methods, the point-based approach and the zonal approach. Both differ in data requirements and may produce considerably different maps, yet they were never compared before. My objective was to systematically compare the point-based and the zonal-based WUI maps of California, and to test the efficacy of a new database of building locations in the context of WUI mapping. I assessed the spatial accuracy of the building database, and then compared the spatial patterns of WUI maps by estimating the effect of multiple ancillary variables on the amount of agreement between maps. I found that the building database is highly accurate and is suitable for WUI mapping. The point-based approach estimated a consistently larger WUI area across California compared to the zonal approach. The spatial correspondence between maps was low-to-moderate, and was significantly affected by building numbers and by their spatial arrangement. The discrepancy between WUI maps suggests that they are not directly comparable within and across landscapes, and that each WUI map should serve a distinct practical purpose.

Download Full-text

Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Multi-Scale Fusion and Global Stretching of Dual-Model

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9060595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 595

Author(s):

Huajun Song ◽

Rui Wang

Keyword(s):

Image Enhancement ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Weight Coefficient ◽

Color Contrast ◽

Dual Model ◽

Spatial Cues ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Imaging Model ◽

Underwater Image ◽

Enhancement Method

Aimed at the two problems of color deviation and poor visibility of the underwater image, this paper proposes an underwater image enhancement method based on the multi-scale fusion and global stretching of dual-model (MFGS), which does not rely on the underwater optical imaging model. The proposed method consists of three stages: Compared with other color correction algorithms, white-balancing can effectively eliminate the undesirable color deviation caused by medium attenuation, so it is selected to correct the color deviation in the first stage. Then, aimed at the problem of the poor performance of the saliency weight map in the traditional fusion processing, this paper proposed an updated strategy of saliency weight coefficient combining contrast and spatial cues to achieve high-quality fusion. Finally, by analyzing the characteristics of the results of the above steps, it is found that the brightness and clarity need to be further improved. The global stretching of the full channel in the red, green, blue (RGB) model is applied to enhance the color contrast, and the selective stretching of the L channel in the Commission International Eclairage-Lab (CIE-Lab) model is implemented to achieve a better de-hazing effect. Quantitative and qualitative assessments on the underwater image enhancement benchmark dataset (UIEBD) show that the enhanced images of the proposed approach achieve significant and sufficient improvements in color and visibility.

Download Full-text

A Method to Measure the Discriminability of Spatial Cues

2010 Third International Symposium on Information Science and Engineering ◽

10.1109/isise.2010.39 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Heng Wang ◽

Ruimin Hu ◽

Weiping Tu ◽

Qi Chen ◽

Jinfeng Liu

Keyword(s):

Spatial Cues

Download Full-text

Spatial organization enhances versatility and specificity in cyclic di-GMP signaling

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/hsz-2020-0202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 401 (12) ◽

pp. 1323-1334

Author(s):

Sandra Kunz ◽

Peter L. Graumann

Keyword(s):

Protein Interactions ◽

Cell Cycle Progression ◽

Spatial Organization ◽

Caulobacter Crescentus ◽

Second Messenger ◽

Protein Protein Interactions ◽

Spatial Cues ◽

Signaling Specificity ◽

Regulatory Circuits ◽

Second Messenger Signaling

AbstractThe second messenger cyclic di-GMP regulates a variety of processes in bacteria, many of which are centered around the decision whether to adopt a sessile or a motile life style. Regulatory circuits include pathogenicity, biofilm formation, and motility in a wide variety of bacteria, and play a key role in cell cycle progression in Caulobacter crescentus. Interestingly, multiple, seemingly independent c-di-GMP pathways have been found in several species, where deletions of individual c-di-GMP synthetases (DGCs) or hydrolases (PDEs) have resulted in distinct phenotypes that would not be expected based on a freely diffusible second messenger. Several recent studies have shown that individual signaling nodes exist, and additionally, that protein/protein interactions between DGCs, PDEs and c-di-GMP receptors play an important role in signaling specificity. Additionally, subcellular clustering has been shown to be employed by bacteria to likely generate local signaling of second messenger, and/or to increase signaling specificity. This review highlights recent findings that reveal how bacteria employ spatial cues to increase the versatility of second messenger signaling.

Download Full-text

Learning Multi-Modal Volumetric Prostate Registration With Weak Inter-Subject Spatial Correspondence

2021 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) ◽

10.1109/isbi48211.2021.9433848 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oleksii Bashkanov ◽

Anneke Meyer ◽

Daniel Schindele ◽

Martin Schostak ◽

Klaus-Dietz Tonnies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Correspondence

Download Full-text

Perception of Auditory Distance in Normal-Hearing and Moderate-to-Profound Hearing-Impaired Listeners

Trends in Hearing ◽

10.1177/2331216519887615 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 233121651988761 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gilles Courtois ◽

Vincent Grimaldi ◽

Hervé Lissek ◽

Philippe Estoppey ◽

Eleftheria Georganti

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Hearing Impaired ◽

Spatial Cues ◽

Linear Amplification ◽

Profound Hearing Loss ◽

Wireless Microphone ◽

Auditory Distance ◽

Non Linear

The auditory system allows the estimation of the distance to sound-emitting objects using multiple spatial cues. In virtual acoustics over headphones, a prerequisite to render auditory distance impression is sound externalization, which denotes the perception of synthesized stimuli outside of the head. Prior studies have found that listeners with mild-to-moderate hearing loss are able to perceive auditory distance and are sensitive to externalization. However, this ability may be degraded by certain factors, such as non-linear amplification in hearing aids or the use of a remote wireless microphone. In this study, 10 normal-hearing and 20 moderate-to-profound hearing-impaired listeners were instructed to estimate the distance of stimuli processed with different methods yielding various perceived auditory distances in the vicinity of the listeners. Two different configurations of non-linear amplification were implemented, and a novel feature aiming to restore a sense of distance in wireless microphone systems was tested. The results showed that the hearing-impaired listeners, even those with a profound hearing loss, were able to discriminate nearby and far sounds that were equalized in level. Their perception of auditory distance was however more contracted than in normal-hearing listeners. Non-linear amplification was found to distort the original spatial cues, but no adverse effect on the ratings of auditory distance was evident. Finally, it was shown that the novel feature was successful in allowing the hearing-impaired participants to perceive externalized sounds with wireless microphone systems.

Download Full-text