Do metacognitions mediate the path from reading deficits to internalization and externalization behaviours in Pakistani adolescents?

Background The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore one potential underlying factor that may contribute to poor reading outcomes: minimal hearing loss. Additionally, we compared decoding and comprehension deficits in students who passed or failed the hearing screening. Method Forty-three school-age students completed a hearing screening and a literacy assessment. Results Fifty-four percent of children with reading impairments failed the hearing screening, compared to only 21% of children with typical reading. Additionally, students who failed the hearing screening were more likely to exhibit decoding deficits; comprehension skills between the hearing screening groups did not differ. Conclusions Thus, children with reading impairments are more likely to fail hearing screenings than children with typical reading, and the deficits of those who fail hearing screenings appear to center on decoding rather than comprehension skills. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12818252

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Featural and Configural Processing of Faces and Houses in Matched Dyslexic and Typical Readers

10.31234/osf.io/u6vqb ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bahareh Jozranjbar ◽

Arni Kristjansson ◽

Heida Maria Sigurdardottir

Keyword(s):

Object Recognition ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Reading Ability ◽

Visual Recognition ◽

Reading Deficits ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Configural Information ◽

Lower House ◽

Single Process ◽

Processing Mechanisms

While dyslexia is typically described as a phonological deficit, recent evidence suggests that ventral stream regions, important for visual categorization and object recognition, are hypoactive in dyslexic readers who might accordingly show visual recognition deficits. By manipulating featural and configural information of faces and houses, we investigated whether dyslexic readers are disadvantaged at recognizing certain object classes or utilizing particular visual processing mechanisms. Dyslexic readers found it harder to recognize objects (houses), suggesting that visual problems in dyslexia are not completely domain-specific. Mean accuracy for faces was equivalent in the two groups, compatible with domain-specificity in face processing. While face recognition abilities correlated with reading ability, lower house accuracy was nonetheless related to reading difficulties even when accuracy for faces was kept constant, suggesting a specific relationship between visual word recognition and the recognition of non-face objects. Representational similarity analyses (RSA) revealed that featural and configural processes were clearly separable in typical readers, while dyslexic readers appeared to rely on a single process. This occurred for both faces and houses and was not restricted to particular visual categories. We speculate that reading deficits in some dyslexic readers reflect their reliance on a single process for object recognition.

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Vision and Reading Deficits in Post-Concussion Patients: A Retrospective Analysis

Vision Development & Rehabilitation ◽

10.31707/vdr2015.1.3.p206 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 206-213

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Health Examination ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Reading Deficits ◽

Grade Levels ◽

Convergence Insufficiency ◽

Return To Learn ◽

Vision Deficits ◽

Accommodative Facility

The prevalence of vision deficits in the pediatric/young adult concussion population in the private optometric practice setting remains unknown. Thus, a retrospective chart review in this area was conducted in the practice of the first author. Twenty-five consecutive patients with a medical diagnosis of concussion received a comprehensive vision and ocular health examination, which also included an objectively-based Visagraph reading assessment and clinical vergence/accommodative facility testing. Three primary categories of oculomotor-based deficits were found: convergence insufficiency (56%), accommodative insufficiency (76%), and oculomotor-based reading dysfunctions (68-82%). The most common symptom was headaches (84%), with 25% of the symptoms related to reading. 68% (15/22) were categorized as reading at least 2 grade levels below their current school grade level for reading eye movements based on the Visagraph findings. These overall findings are consistent with the general oculomotor-based/reading findings in the concussion/mTBI literature. The present results have important practical ramifications regarding the importance of preconcussion baseline oculomotor and Visagraph testing, as well as post-concussion follow-up testing, to help assess a student’s ability to return-to-learn (RTL).

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Aphasic Performance on Visual Tracking Program

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1972.35.2.343 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 343-346

Author(s):

Elisabeth H. Wiig ◽

Patricia H. Smith

Keyword(s):

Visual Tracking ◽

Reading Ability ◽

Silent Reading ◽

Reading Rate ◽

Training Period ◽

Perceptual Speed ◽

Reading Deficits ◽

Period 2 ◽

Speed And Accuracy

The performance of 9 adult aphasics on a visual tracking program was investigated. The results indicated (1) significant increases in visual tracking rate over an 8-wk. training period, (2) significant increases in performance on tests of silent reading rate and over-all reading ability, and (3) no direct relationships between increases in visual tracking rate and silent reading rate or over-all reading ability. The significant gains observed in perceptual speed and accuracy, silent reading rate, and over-all reading ability indicated that the visual tracking program (Gaeke & Smith, 1962) may contribute significantly to the remediation of reading deficits in aphasia.

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Behavior Disorders and Reading Deficits: Behavioral Intervention

Behavioral Disorders ◽

10.1177/019874297700300109 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rune Simeonsson ◽

Mary Kay Strenecky ◽

Bernard J. Strenecky

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Intervention ◽

Behavior Disorders ◽

Reading Deficits

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Violence Exposure, Trauma, and IQ and/or Reading Deficits Among Urban Children

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine ◽

10.1001/archpedi.156.3.280 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 156 (3) ◽

pp. 280 ◽

Cited By ~ 157

Author(s):

Virginia Delaney-Black ◽

Chandice Covington ◽

Steven J. Ondersma ◽

Beth Nordstrom-Klee ◽

Thomas Templin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Violence Exposure ◽

Urban Children ◽

Reading Deficits

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Intraoperative localization and preservation of reading in ventral occipitotemporal cortex

10.1101/2021.11.11.21266202 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oscar Woolnough ◽

Kathryn M Snyder ◽

Cale W Morse ◽

Meredith J McCarty ◽

Samden D Lhatoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rapid Assessment ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Word Form ◽

Gamma Activation ◽

Reading Deficits ◽

Visual Word Form Area ◽

Cortical Areas ◽

Eloquent Cortex ◽

Occipitotemporal Cortex ◽

Intraoperative Localization

Resective surgery in language-dominant ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOTC) carries the risk of causing impairment to reading. As it is not on the lateral surface, it is not easily accessible for intraoperative mapping and extensive stimulation mapping can be time consuming. Here we assess the feasibility of using task-based electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings intraoperatively to help guide stimulation mapping of reading in vOTC. In 11 patients undergoing extraoperative, intracranial seizure mapping we recorded induced broadband gamma activation (70 - 150 Hz) during a visual category localizer. Word-responsive cortex localized in this manner showed a high sensitivity (72%) to stimulation-induced reading deficits, and the confluence of ECoG and stimulation positive sites appears to demarcate the visual word form area. In two additional patients, with pathologies necessitating resections in language-dominant vOTC, task-based functional mapping was performed intraoperatively using subdural ECoG, alongside direct cortical stimulation. Cortical areas critical for reading were mapped and successfully preserved, while enabling pathological tissue to be completely removed. Data collection is possible in <3 minutes and initial intraoperative data analysis takes <3 minutes, allowing for rapid assessment of broad areas of cortex. Eloquent cortex in ventral visual cortex can be rapidly mapped intraoperatively using ECoG. This method acts to guide high-probability targets for stimulation, with limited patient participation, and can be used to avoid iatrogenic dyslexia following surgery.

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