ON THE SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF EXISTING UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. LANG ◽  
H. BACHMANN
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings

Damage from 20th century earthquakes in eastern Canada and seismic vulnerability of unreinforced masonry buildings

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bruneau ◽  
Maurice Lamontagne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Engineering Significance

This paper has been prepared as a reminder of past damaging earthquakes in eastern Canada and as a testimony of the damage suffered; isoseismal maps of five selected eastern Canadian earthquakes are presented as well as illustrations of their effects. Although features of the four older historical events reviewed herein are reasonably well documented (although not to present standards), data of engineering significance needed to perform accurate seismic-resistance evaluations have been for the most part lost owing to the time elapsed. Hence, the damage examples presented herein should not be construed as a comprehensive survey but rather as a sampling of noteworthy failures. Since most of the structural damage produced by these earthquakes was suffered by unreinforced masonry buildings, an overview of the seismic risks they constitute and their main modes of failure is presented. The first step of a coordinated seismic risk reduction plan is also formulated; its application is recommended for the mitigation of economic and human losses in future eastern Canadian earthquakes. Key words: case histories, earthquakes, eastern Canada, seismic risk reduction plan, structural damage, unreinforced masonry buildings.

Seismic assessment and improvement of unreinforced stone masonry buildings

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Giaretton ◽  
Dmytro Dizhur ◽  
Francesca Da Porto ◽  
Jason M. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Seismic Assessment ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
A Minor

Following the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes considerable effort was applied to the task of developing industry guidance for the seismic assessment, repair and strengthening of unreinforced masonry buildings. The recently updated “Section 10” of NZSEE 2006 is one of the primary outputs from these efforts, in which a minor amount of information is introduced regarding vintage stone unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. Further information is presented herein to extend the resources readily available to New Zealand practitioners regarding load-bearing stone URM buildings via a literature review of the traditional European approach to this topic and its applicability to the New Zealand stone URM building stock. An informative background to typical stone URM construction is presented, including population, geometric, structural and material characteristics. The European seismic vulnerability assessment procedure is then reported, explaining each step in sequence of assessment by means of preliminary inspection (photographic, geometric, structural and crack pattern surveys) and investigation techniques, concluding with details of seismic improvement interventions. The challenge in selecting the appropriate intervention for each existing URM structure is associated with reconciling the differences between heritage conservation and engineering perspectives to reinstating the original structural strength. Traditional and modern techniques are discussed herein with the goal of preserving heritage values and ensuring occupant safety. A collection of Annexes are provided that summarise the presented information in terms of on-site testing, failure mechanisms and seismic improvement.

Simplified Mechanical Model to Estimate the Seismic Vulnerability of Heritage Unreinforced Masonry Buildings

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Vamvatsikos ◽  
Stavroula J. Pantazopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Simplified Mechanical Model

scholarly journals Fragility Analysis of Existing Unreinforced Masonry Buildings through a Numerical-based Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Karbassi ◽  
Pierino Lestuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Fragility Analysis ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Element Method

As an approach to the problem of seismic vulnerability evaluation of existing buildings using the predicted vul-nerability method, numerical models can be applied to define fragility curves of typical buildings which represent building classes. These curves can be then combined with the seismic hazard to calculate the seismic risk for a building class (or individual buildings). For some buildings types, mainly the unreinforced masonry structures, such fragility analysis is complicated and time consuming if a Finite Element-based method is used. The FEM model has to represent the structural geometry and relationships between different structural elements through element connectivity. Moreover, the FEM can face major challenges to represent large displacements and separations for progressive collapse simulations. Therefore, the Applied Element Method which combines the advantages of FEM with that of the Discrete Element Method in terms of accurately modelling a deformable continuum of discrete materials is used in this paper to perform the fragility analysis for unreinforced masonry buildings. To this end, a series of nonlinear dynamic analyses using the AEM has been per-formed for two unreinforced masonry buildings (a 6-storey stone masonry and a 4-storey brick masonry) using more than 50 ground motion records. Both in-plane and out-of-plane failure have been considered in the damage analysis. The dis-tribution of the structural responses and inter-storey drifts are used to develop spectral-based fragility curves for the five European Macroseismic Scale damage grades.

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