A new tool to simulate ground shaking and earthquake losses

The main purpose of SISMOTOOL suite is Planning and Management of Seismic Emergencies face to a future earthquake. This tool is written in ARCGIS software executing a fast and efficient determination of the estimated damage scenarios (pre-process) and a correlation with the observed damage results (post-process). First of all, the tool allows to select the earthquake source parameters through a defined database; moreover, several attenuation laws can be chosen and they can be combined according to the study area features. In addition, the local site effects are characterized from Vs30 values, which have been achieved by: i) topographic slope as a proxy obtained from Digital Elevation Model; ii) considering Vs30 values acquired from active and/or passive empirical methods; iii) a combination of both procedures through empirical local correlation laws. In the second place, the elements exposed to risk are incorporated by an automatic extraction from the cadastral database after inputs has been refined. Thirdly, vulnerability and estimated losses can be determined either empirically (EMS98 scale and Vulnerability Index, Iv) or analytically (Capacity spectrum). Additionally, a vulnerability modifier is implemented to account soil-structure resonance. Finally, SISMOTOOL quantifies the epistemic uncertainties in the input parameters using a logic tree. Last, but not least, SISMOTOOL results have been validated through a representative seismic scenario: the 1910 Adra earthquake (southern Spain) with moment magnitude (Mw) 6.3 and macroseismic intensity VIII (EMS98 scale) proves the reliability of SISMOTOOL program.

Seismic Performance Evaluation of Steel Buildings with Oil Dampers Using Capacity Spectrum Method

This study proposes a capacity spectrum Method (CSM)-based procedure to estimate the maximum seismic performance of steel buildings passively controlled with bilinear oil dampers. In the proposed CSM, the maximum seismic response of a building was estimated, in the acceleration-displacement response spectrum, as the intersection between the capacity curve and the damping-adjusted demand curves, using the equivalent linearization method. The building equivalent damping ratio was determined by the sum of the inherent damping, and the square root of sum of squares (SRSS) of the hysteretic damping and the viscous damping of the supplemental oil devices. The calculation steps of the proposed CSM are explained in detail based on the equivalent single degree of freedom (ESDOF) system, and its accuracy was examined by comparison with time history analysis (THA) results. Two model steel buildings of 4 and 10 stories, uniformly equipped with oil dampers along the height, were subjected to six selected earthquake ground motions scaled to be compatible with Level-2 earthquakes, as defined in the Japanese Building Standard Law. The seismic performance of the buildings was estimated by the proposed CSM procedure and compared with the results of nonlinear THA in terms of the maximum story displacements and the shear forces. It was observed that the proposed CSM scheme provided a satisfactory accuracy to assess the maximum nonlinear response of steel buildings passively controlled with oil dampers.

Damage Assessment in Japan and Potential Use of New Technologies in Damage Assessment

Right after an earthquake, it is quite important to evaluate the damage level of the buildings in the affected area. In Japan, a rapid inspection is conducted to evaluate the risk of collapse due to an aftershock. If any damage is detected, it is required to conduct damage classification, which takes time but categorizes its damage into five damage categories. Japan has a standard for both rapid inspection and damage classification. They are briefed in this chapter. Similar to the damage classification, the loss of the house and home contents for the earthquake insurance. The method for earthquake insurance is also introduced. Since they are based on visual inspection, it is quite difficult to investigate the damage of the high-rise buildings and buildings covered by finishing. Recently, many kinds of research are conducted to use sensors for automatic and realtime damage classification. A structural health monitoring method with accelerometers based on the capacity spectrum method, which is currently installed into more than 40 buildings, is also introduced.

Seismic hazard assessment of existing reinforced concrete bridge structure using pushover analysis

The present paper focuses on the nonlinear static pushover analysis of a 3-span existing RC bridge located in Indian seismic Zone IV as per IS1893-2016 using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The 3D model of the RC bridge is simulated using the FEM technique and pushover analysis is performed to analyze the structure for modal mass participating ratio, performance level, spectral demand, and capacity of the structure. The bridge pier and longitudinal girder are modeled using the two noded beam element and bent cap and abutment of the bridge structure is modeled using the 8 noded brick element. The base of the column is assumed fixed condition. The pushover analysis is performed using Displacement Modification (FEMA 440) and Capacity Spectrum Method (ATC 40). The outcomes of results appear that the considered bridge has inadequate capacity to cope up with any of the desired performance levels because spectral demand is greater than the spectral capacity. The modal analysis of the 3D bridge exposes that it has many closely-spaced modes. The mass participating ratio for the higher modes is not very high. After performing pushover analysis of the exiting RC bridge structure it has been concluded that the existing bridge structure does not meet seismic criteria of spectral demand as per the ATC 40 and FEMA 440, therefore retrofitting is required for bridge component i.e. piers, abutment, and bent cap.

Performance Based Seismic Assessment of Masonry Infilled RCC Building with Diaphragm Discontinuity

In multistoreyed RCC framed buildings, critical damages are due to seismic ground excitations, which cause catastrophic failuresat the weaker locations. Buildings with two types of structural irregularities namely diaphragm discontinuity and open ground story are considered. Assessment of seismic vulnerability of these buildings is done by using Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis (NSPA). Performance Based Seismic Design of masonry infilled RCC buildings with two different shape of openings in the diaphragm is considered here with Design Basis Earthquake(DBE) and Maximum Considered Earthquake(MCE) where by selecting appropriate performance criteria in terms of Inter-story drift ratio(IDR) and Inelastic displacement demand ratio(IDDR) are critically observed. The Equivalent Linearization Procedure of Pushover analysis presented in FEMA 440, which is a modification of Capacity Spectrum Method based on ATC-40 guidelines, is performed in ETABS-2016 to study the performance of R.C.C. buildings with diaphragm discontinuity, designed as per IS-1893-2016.

Analisis Kapasitas Lateral Pada Fondasi Tiang Tunggal Dan Tiang Kelompok Pada Tanah Pasir

Fondasi ialah bagian dari suatu sistem rekayasa yang meneruskan beban yang ditopang oleh fondasi dan beratnya sendiri kedalam tanah dan batuan yang terletak dibawahnya. Pada jurnal ini, dilakukan analisa kapasitas lateral tiang tunggal dan tiang kelompok pada tanah pasir. Untuk dapat menganalisis tiang pancang tunggal dan tiang kelompok pada tanah pasir dalam kondisi elastic dapat dilakukan dengan metode analisis statik non linier atau analisis pushover. Analisis pushover adalah prosedur analisis untuk mengetahui keruntuhan suatu bangunan dengan memberikan suatu pola beban statik tertentu dalam arah lateral yang besarnya akan ditingkatkan secara bertahap sampai struktur tersebut mencapai target displacement tertentu atau mencapai pola keruntuhan tertentu. Dari hasil analisis pushover terhadap suatu tiang dihasilkan kurva yang menghubungkan antara base shear dan roof displacement atau disebut kurva kapasitas. Dari kurva kapasitas tersebut dapat dilihat perilaku suatu tiang dari kondisi elastis sampai plastis hingga mengalami kegagalan. Dengan adanya kurva kapasitas yang diperoleh, kita dapat melihat tingkat kinerja suatu tiang berdasarkan metode spektrum kapasitas berdasarkan peraturan ATC-40 dan Pushover Analysis of Underground Structures. The foundation is part of an engineering system that forwards the burden supported by the foundation and its own weight into the soil and rocks beneath. In this journal, an analysis of the lateral capacity of single piles and group piles is carried out on sandy soil. To be able to analyze a single pile and group piles on sandy soil in elastic conditions can be done by non-linear static analysis or pushover analysis. Pushover analysis is an analysis procedure to determine the collapse of a building by providing a certain static load pattern in the lateral direction whose magnitude will be increased gradually until the structure reaches a certain displacement target or reaches a certain collapse pattern. From the results of pushover analysis on a pile, a curve that connects the base shear and roof displacement is called a capacity curve. From the capacity curve, it can be seen the behavior of a pile from elastic to plastic conditions to failure. With the obtained capacity curve, we can see the level of performance of a pile based on the capacity spectrum method based on ATC-40 regulations and Pushover Analysis of Underground Structures.

Seismic Assessment of R.C.C Frame Building using Pushover Analysis

India is a making country with an arrangement of structure practices and social and money related structure, which needs to build up its own special strategies for seismic danger appraisal. The latest decade has shown our lack in peril decline programs, during the couple of hurting seismic quakes. In view of this quake alone in India there was massive loss of life and property. After this troublesome adversity thought is by and by being given to the appraisal of the adequacy of solidarity in structures to contradict strong ground developments. After Bhuj seismic quake IS-1893 was revised and appropriated in the year 2002, going before this scene it was refreshed in 1984. The code was first conveyed in 1962 as 'Recommendations for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structure'. The central reason behind the loss of life and property was inadequacy of learning of direct of structures during ground developments. The frailty of the structures against seismic development must be fundamentally inspected. The most preferred strategy for seismic evaluation is Inelastic static assessment or Pushover examination in view of its straightforwardness. Inelastic static examination frameworks join Capacity Spectrum Method, Displacement Coefficient Method and the Secant Method. In this examination we are looking over seismic execution of G+17 standard RCC structure. The structure has been surveyed using Pushover Analysis.