Allocation of Attention According to Informativeness in Visual Recognition

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Navon ◽  
Baruch Margalit
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Target Letter ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Visual Identification

In visual identification, is visual attention attracted to more informative elements, i.e. to elements which are more critical for identification? This question was investigated by having subjects detect some visual probes while performing a primary task that involved identification. The probes were located in the neighbourhood of highly or poorly informative parts of the identified stimuli. Three experiments that followed this rationale were conducted. In Experiment I, it was found that when subjects searched for a target letter in lines of identical background letters, they detected more dots near the feature that distinguished between the target and the background letters. In Experiment 11, it was found that native Hebrew-speaking subjects detected more lines above a letter that distinguished between two English words. Experiment III showed that the effect was reduced but did not vanish when spatial uncertainty was introduced. On the whole, the data are interpreted as suggesting that more attention may indeed be directed to informative regions, and that this effect cannot be solely attributed to retinal factors.

9. Visual and voice identification

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-300
Author(s):  
Adrian Keane ◽  
Paul McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Trial Procedure ◽  
Voice Identification ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
The Law ◽  
Mistaken Identification

This chapter considers the risk of mistaken identification, and the law and procedure relating to evidence of visual and voice identification. In respect of evidence of visual identification, the chapter addresses: the Turnbull guidelines, including when a judge should stop a case and the direction to be given to the jury; visual recognition, including recognition by the jury themselves from a film, photograph, or other image; evidence of analysis of films, photographs, or other images; pre-trial procedure, including procedure relating to recognition by a witness from viewing films, photographs, either formally or informally; and admissibility where there have been breaches of pre-trial procedure. In respect of evidence of voice identification, the chapter addresses: pre -trial procedure; voice comparison by the jury with the assistance of experts or lay listeners; and the warning to be given to the jury (essentially an adaption of the Turnbull warning, but with particular focus on the factors which might affect the reliability of voice identification).

9. Visual and voice identification

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Keane ◽  
Paul McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Trial Procedure ◽  
Voice Identification ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
The Law ◽  
Mistaken Identification

This chapter considers the risk of mistaken identification, and the law and procedure relating to evidence of visual and voice identification. In respect of evidence of visual identification, the chapter addresses: the Turnbull guidelines, including when a judge should stop a case and the direction to be given to the jury; visual recognition, including recognition by the jury themselves from a film, photograph or other image; evidence of analysis of films, photographs or other images; pre-trial procedure, including procedure relating to recognition by a witness from viewing films, photographs, either formally or informally; and admissibility where there have been breaches of pre-trial procedure. In respect of evidence of voice identification, the chapter addresses: pre -trial procedure; voice comparison by the jury with the assistance of experts or lay listeners’; and the warning to be given to the jury (essentially an adaption of the Turnbull warning, but with particular focus on the factors which might affect the reliability of voice identification).

Deep Learning-Based Visual Identification of Signs of Bat Presence in Bridge Infrastructure Images: A Transfer Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110319
Author(s):  
Tianshu Li ◽  
Mohamad Alipour ◽  
Bridget M. Donaldson ◽  
Devin K. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Feature Representations ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Structural Deterioration ◽  
Virginia Department

Bat inventory surveys on bridges, structures, and dwellings are an important step in protecting threatened and endangered bat species that use the infrastructure as roosting locations. Observing guano droppings and staining is a common indicator of bat presence, but it can be difficult to verify whether certain stains originated from bats or other sources such as water seeps, rust staining, asphalt leaching, or other structural deterioration mechanisms. While humans find it hard to distinguish bat indicators without training, from a computer vision perspective they show different features that, coupled with expert opinion, can be used for automated detection of bat presence. To facilitate bat presence detection and streamline bat surveys, this paper leverages recent advances in visual recognition using deep learning to develop an image classification system that identifies bat indicators. An array of state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks were investigated. To overcome the shortage of data, parameters previously trained on large-scale datasets were used to transfer the learned feature representations. Using a pool of digital photographs collected by Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), a visual recognition model was developed and achieved 92.0% accuracy during testing. To facilitate the application of the developed model, a prototype web application was created to allow users to interactively upload images of stains on structures and receive classification results from the model. The web application is being deployed by VDOT in a pilot study and the success of the proposed approach is expected to help facilitate bat inventory surveys and the resulting conservation efforts.

Spatial uncertainty improves the distribution of visual attention and the availability of sensory information for conscious report

2020 ◽  
Vol 238 (9) ◽  
pp. 2031-2040
Author(s):  
Stefano Lasaponara ◽  
Mario Pinto ◽  
Michele Pellegrino ◽  
Ludovica Caratelli ◽  
Clelia Rossi-Arnaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty

Preference for Darker Faces in Photographs at Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle: Preliminary Assessment of Evidence for a Hormonal Relationship

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Frost
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Cyclic Response ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
The Face ◽  
Assessment Of Evidence ◽  
Human Faces

Six pairs of photographs showing human faces of both sexes were presented to 98 women who had to choose the more pleasing one of each pair. Faces within each pair were identical except for a slight difference in complexion. For women not taking oral contraceptives, skin-color preference differed significantly between two groups of subjects classified according to the current phase of their self-reported menstrual cycle: darker male faces were judged more positively by subjects in the phase when the estrogen/progesterone ratio was expected to be high than by those in the phase when this ratio was expected to be low. Female faces evoked no such cyclic response. Users of oral contraceptives showed no cyclic response to either male or female faces. These results suggest a mental mechanism whose inputs are (a) hormonal state, (b) visual identification of the sex of the face being observed, and (c) visual recognition of complexion, and whose output enters into evaluation of male and female faces. Replication with direct measures of hormonal state is recommended.

scholarly journals Application of the “bubbling” procedure to dead body portraits in forensic identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Potente ◽  
Frank Ramsthaler ◽  
Mattias Kettner ◽  
Tomoya Ikeda ◽  
Peter Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Processing Procedure ◽  
The Face ◽  
Software And Hardware

Abstract Purpose A procedure is needed for bodies with disfiguring injuries to the face and the use of their portrait for visual identification. Method We present the application of a simple image processing procedure, otherwise known as ”bubbling,” which is based on the concept of ”perceptual filling-in,” to images for visual identification in the forensic context. The method is straight forward and can be performed using readily available software and hardware.. Results The method is demonstrated and examples are shown. The visual recognition of known persons using “bubbled” images was successfully tested. Conclusion The “bubbling” procedure for visual identification enhancement is quick and straightforward and may be attempted before escalating to more involved identification methods and procedures.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa S. Davé
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
South Asians ◽  
South Asian American ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Indian American ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Racial Performance ◽  
Immigrant Narratives

This introductory chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to examine the representations and stereotypes of South Asian Americans in relation to immigrant narratives of assimilation in American film and television. It theorizes the performance of accent as a means of representing race and particularly national origin beyond visual identification. For South Asians, accent simultaneously connotes difference and privilege. To focus on an Indian vocal accent is to reconsider racialization predicated on visual recognition. The remainder of the chapter discusses vocal accents and racial hierarchies; South Asian American and Indian American identities; popular Culture, Orientalism, and racial performance; and comedy and racial performance. It concludes with an overview of the subsequent chapters.

scholarly journals The focus of visual attention in people with motor disabilities through Eye tracking

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Giselle Schmidt A. D. Merino ◽  
Carmen Elena Martinez Riascos ◽  
Angelina Dias Leão Costa ◽  
Gleice Virginia Medeiros de Azambuja Elali ◽  
Eugenio Merino
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Motor Disabilities ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
The Right ◽  
Reduced Mobility

Make the environment that can be achieved, fires, used and experienced by anyone, including those with reduced mobility, is an increasingly important need for professionals. Being the eye tracking is an assistive technology that enables you to identify objectively the visual perception was held an experiment that allows analyzing the people’s difficulties in internal visual identification on buildings. The article goal is to identify the focus of visual attention in people with motor disabilities using eye tracking glasses. To perform the experiment was used Senso Motoric Instruments (SMI) eye tracking glasses and was did analyses with the BeGaze software version 3.6.  The results indicate the lack of visual information causes difficulties for people to locate and identify the correct route for the offset inside a building, reducing the subjectivity in making decisions to make accessible environments.  The tests show that the participants do not have fixed their gaze on specific points, because it remained looking for visual information into the building generating lack of orientation and difficulties to define the right route at offset. With this experiment was possible to validate an application of the device to contribute to the decision-making process of professionals to make accessible environments. In addition, they recognized the particularities in the use of Assistive Technology, the glasses eye tracker, and the possibility of being used in the analysis of various tasks contributing in the Design, in the Architecture, and the Engineering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document