Ecological validity and bilingual language control: voluntary language switching between sentences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Luz María Sánchez ◽  
Esli Struys ◽  
Mathieu Declerck
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Language Control

scholarly journals Voluntary Language Switching in the Context of Bilingual Aphasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Nicholas Grunden ◽  
Giorgio Piazza ◽  
Carmen García-Sánchez ◽  
Marco Calabria
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Language Control ◽  
Bilingual Aphasia ◽  
The Individual

As studies of bilingual language control (BLC) seek to explore the underpinnings of bilinguals’ abilities to juggle two languages, different types of language switching tasks have been used to uncover switching and mixing effects and thereby reveal what proactive and reactive control mechanisms are involved in language switching. Voluntary language switching tasks, where a bilingual participant can switch freely between their languages while naming, are being utilized more often due to their greater ecological validity compared to cued switching paradigms. Because this type of task had not yet been applied to language switching in bilingual patients, our study sought to explore voluntary switching in bilinguals with aphasia (BWAs) as well as in healthy bilinguals. In Experiment 1, we replicated previously reported results of switch costs and mixing benefits within our own bilingual population of Catalan-Spanish bilinguals. With Experiment 2, we compared both the performances of BWAs as a group and as individuals against control group performance. Results illustrated a complex picture of language control abilities, indicating varying degrees of association and dissociation between factors of BLC. Given the diversity of impairments in BWAs’ language control mechanisms, we highlight the need to examine BLC at the individual level and through the lens of theoretical cognitive control frameworks in order to further parse out how bilinguals regulate their language switching.

The cost of switching language in a semantic categorization task

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roswitha E. von Studnitz ◽  
David W. Green
Keyword(s):  
Switch Trial ◽  
Response Type ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Language Control ◽  
The Cost

German-English bilinguals decided whether a visually presented word, either German or English, referred to an animate or to an inanimate entity. Bilinguals were slower to respond on a language switch trial than on language non-switch trials but only if they had to make the same response as on the prior trial (e.g., two successive “animate” responses). If they had to change their response from the prior trial, a switch of language speeded responses. This interaction between language switching and response type was abolished for the translations of words previously presented. We consider the implications for theories of language control.

scholarly journals How do bilinguals switch between languages in different interactional contexts? A comparison between voluntary and mandatory language switching

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Jevtović ◽  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia ◽  
Angela de Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Interactional Context ◽  
Language Control

AbstractHow bilinguals switch between languages depends on the context. In a voluntary context, bilinguals are free to decide when to switch, whereas in a cued context they are instructed when to switch. While using two languages may be more costly than using one in cued switching ('mixing cost'), recent evidence suggests that voluntarily using two languages may be less effortful than using one ('mixing benefit'). Direct comparisons between mandatory and voluntary switching, however, are needed to better understand the effects of the interactional context on bilingual language control. The current study compared mandatory and voluntary switching within the same task, thus keeping the overall task characteristics the same. We observed overall slower mandatory responses and larger mandatory than voluntary mixing and switching effects. Thus, using two languages is more costly in a mandatory than voluntary context, showing that the interactional context can affect the effort needed to control two languages.

Examining language switching in bilinguals: The role of preparation time

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELA MOSCA ◽  
HARALD CLAHSEN
Keyword(s):  
Switching Costs ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Language Control ◽  
Mixing Costs

Much research on language control in bilinguals has relied on the interpretation of the costs of switching between two languages. Of the two types of costs that are linked to language control, switching costs are assumed to be transient in nature and modulated by trial-specific manipulations (e.g., by preparation time), while mixing costs are supposed to be more stable and less affected by trial-specific manipulations. The present study investigated the effect of preparation time on switching and mixing costs, revealing that both types of costs can be influenced by trial-specific manipulations.

Role of top-down language control in bilingual production and comprehension: Evidence from induced oscillations

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1063
Author(s):  
Ning Xie ◽  
Baike Li ◽  
Man Zhang ◽  
Huanhuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Language Control ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Switching Task

Aims: The present study was designed to investigate the role of language control during simultaneous production and comprehension. Design: Participants completed a set of language background and cognitive skills questionnaires and were randomly divided into pairs. Then, the pairs of participants were asked to finish a joint language switching task while their electroencephalogram was recorded. When one participant was naming pictures, the other one was listening. The language to be used in each trial was specified by cues. Data and Analysis: Response latencies were obtained. An analysis was conducted on induced oscillations in a cue-locked period and a stimulus-locked period. Findings: An analysis of induced oscillations showed that production and comprehension exhibited different delta and theta oscillations, suggesting that cross-modality interference may be caused by joint language switching, and bilinguals employed different degrees of language control in comprehension and production. Furthermore, the cross-person condition exhibited stronger oscillations than the within-person condition, indicating that joint language switching involves cross-person interference and that bilinguals use additional oscillations to inhibit such interference. Importantly, the stimulus-locked period showed larger delta and theta oscillations in second language switch trials than in first language switch trials in the within-person condition, indicating that delta and theta may index the inhibition of cross-language interference. Originality: The current study revealed the top-down language control mechanism by analysing induced oscillations, which reflected a mainly cognitively driven process. Significance: Bilinguals’ language control might be used to inhibit complex interference during daily life.

Dissociating language-switch costs from cue-switch costs in bilingual language switching

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARIN W. HEIKOOP ◽  
MATHIEU DECLERCK ◽  
SANDER A. LOS ◽  
IRING KOCH
Keyword(s):  
Language Switching ◽  
Language Mapping ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Language Control

Cued language switching is used to examine language-control processes by comparing performance in language-switch trials with performance in repetition trials. In 1:1 cue-to-language mappings, language repetitions involve cue repetitions and language switches involve cue switches. Hence, the observed switch costs might reflect cue-switch costs rather than language-related control processes. By introducing a 2:1 cue-to-language mapping, we dissociated language switches (cue and language switched vs. cue switched, but language repeated) and cue switches (repeated language, with vs. without switched cue). We found cue-switch costs, but language-related switch costs were substantial, too, presumably reflecting language-control processes in cued language switching.

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