scholarly journals Association of alkaline-phosphatase-positive reticulum cells in bone marrow with granulocytic precursors.

1979 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Westen ◽  
D F Bainton
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Granulocytic Differentiation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Reticulum Cells ◽  
Intact Bone ◽  
Rats And Mice

In the bone marrow, an elaborate stroma forms the structural basis of the hemopoietic microenvironment. In this study, two different types of stromal cells were identified with certainty on tissue sections of intact bone marrow of rats and mice using light and electron microscopic histochemistry: (a) a fibroblast-type of reticulum cell which is characterized by having alkaline phosphatase associated with its plasma membrane. We refer to this cell as the alkaline-phosphatase-positive reticulum cell (Al-RC). It is closely associated with granulocytic precursors, particularly myeloblasts and neutrophilic promyelocytes. These reticulum cells may be found throughout the marrow but are concentrated near the endosteum. (b) a macrophage-type of reticulum cell which is characterized by its abundance of lysosomal acid phosphatase and is mainly associated with erythroid precursors (as observed by others). In contrast to the above-mentioned cell type, this latter cell was found to be distributed uniformly throughout the marrow. We speculate that the Al-RC are mesenchymal stromal cells necessary for granulocytic differentiation in bone marrow.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone recruitment of self-renewing osteoprogenitor cells in chick bone marrow stromal cell cultures

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-326
Author(s):  
N Kamalia ◽  
CA McCulloch ◽  
HC Tenebaum ◽  
H Limeback
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Mineralized Tissue ◽  
Osteoprogenitor Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Lineage ◽  
Population Doublings

Bone marrow stromal cells are a mixed population that contribute to the formation of the hematopoietic microenvironment. The osteogenic lineage includes populations of cells that, in culture, form discrete nodules of mineralized tissue when grown in the presence of ascorbic acid and sodium beta-glycerophosphate. We have used nodule formation to assay for the self-renewal capacity of osteoprogenitor cells in chick bone marrow cultures. To examine the regulatory influence of dexamethasone (Dx), first subcultures were grown continuously or split 1:1 at repeated subculture. Cells in continuous culture exhibited less than two population doublings, while cellular proliferation and alkaline phosphatase area were inhibited by 10(-8) mol/L Dx. Cells in split (redistributed) cultures exhibited up to 14 population doublings and cellular proliferation was also inhibited by Dx. In contrast with continuous cultures, redistributed cultures treated with Dx had increased alkaline phosphatase area and 15-fold larger amounts of mineralized tissue formation than controls. Osteogenesis was sustained for up to four subcultures and the ratio of mineralized tissue area to alkaline phosphotase positive cell area was at most 0.55. These data indicate that the osteogenic lineage of bone marrow stromal cells contains self-renewing progenitors that are recruited by Dx in culture and that at a maximum, only 55% of the alkaline phosphatase-positive cell population contributes to osteogenesis.

scholarly journals PLASMACYTOSIS IN DISEASES OTHER THAN THE PRIMARY PLASMACYTIC DISEASES

Blood ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT S. FADEM ◽  
JOHN E. McBIRNIE
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Reticulum Cells ◽  
Morphologic Analysis ◽  
Morphologic Appearance

Abstract 1. This limited study has revealed plasmacytosis of 5.4 per cent to 23.6 per cent in the bone marrow of six diseases other than the primary plasmacytic diseases. 2. The plasmacytic elements observed in these responses were predominantly mature varieties consisting of plasmacytes and degenerative plasmacytes. 3. In each of the cases described a coexisting increase of reticulum cells was observed in the bone marrow. 4. Plasmacytic elements with nuclear and cytoplasmic characteristics of reticulum cells were described and lend additional morphologic evidence to the suggested reticulum cell origin of the plasmacytic series. 5. Even though a morphologic analysis of these cells has revealed a predominance of plasmacytes and degenerative plasmacytes it has not been suggested that plasmacytic responses can be distinguished from the primary plasmacytic diseases on the morphologic appearance of the plasmacytic elements in the bone marrow. Rather, the demonstration of bone marrow plasmacytosis should be subjected to careful evaluation with consideration of other diagnostic criteria before a diagnosis of primary plasmacytic disease is made.

Growth Behaviour of Rat Bone Marrow (RBM) Cells on RF Magnetron Sputtered Hydroxyapatite and Dicalcium Pyrophosphate Coatings

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 701-704
Author(s):  
Joop G.C. Wolke ◽  
Yong Gang Yan ◽  
Yu Bao Li ◽  
John A. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Amorphous Coatings ◽  
Rat Bone

The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic properties of magnetron sputtered dicalcium pyrophosphate (DCPP) and hydroxylapatite (HA) coatings. Therefore, DCPP and HA coatings were deposited on grit-blasted titanium discs. The substrates were used as-prepared or received an additional heat treatment with changed the amorphous coating structure to a crystalline structure. Subsequently, rat bone marrow stromal cells were cultured for 1-24 days on the various substrates. DNA and alkaline phosphatase activity was determined after 1, 3, 5, 8 and 12 days of incubation. Osteocalcin expression was evaluated after 8, 12, 16 and 24 days of incubation. Scanning electron microscopical analysis of cell morphology and coating characteristics was done after 8 and 16 days of incubation. All assays were done in duplicate and in each assay all specimens were present in fourfold. Results demonstrated that the cells did not proliferate and differentiate on all amorphous coatings. SEM revealed that the amorphous coatings showed significant dissolution. On the crystalline DCPP and HA coatings an increase in DNA and alkaline phosphatase activity was seen starting at day 8 of incubation. Osteocalcin expression on the crystalline coatings started to increase at day 16 of incubation. SEM showed that the growth and differentiation of the cells was associated with extensive collage fiber formation and surface mineralization in the form of globular accretions. Further, statistical testing revealed that proliferation and differentiation of the rat bone marrow stromal cells started significantly earlier on the crystalline HA coatings than on the crystalline DCPP coatings. These results demonstrate that the rat bone marrow stromal cells proliferated and differentiated only on crystalline magnetron sputtered DCPP as well as HA coatings, which warrants the further in vivo analysis of the bone healing supporting properties of these coatings.

scholarly journals Osteogenic progenitor cells in rat bone marrow stromal populations exhibit self-renewal in culture

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1906-1911
Author(s):  
CA McCulloch ◽  
M Strugurescu ◽  
F Hughes ◽  
AH Melcher ◽  
JE Aubin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Rat Bone

Marrow stromal cells are a heterogeneous population, comprising a variety of lineages including osteogenic cells. In the presence of ascorbic acid, sodium beta-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone, rat bone marrow stromal cells form discrete nodules of mineralized, bonelike tissue. We used nodule formation by rat bone marrow stromal cells to assay for the self-renewal capacity of osteogenic progenitor cell populations. Cultures were subcultured every 5 days up to six times. Osteogenesis was assayed from second to sixth subcultures by counting the number and measuring the areas of mineralized nodules formed in cultures grown with 10(-8) mol/L dexamethasone. Nodule number and area decreased progressively between second and sixth subcultures. Alkaline phosphatase activity associated with individual cells and measured videodensitometrically decreased exponentially between the second and sixth subculture. The number of cells with alkaline phosphatase activity also decreased with progressive subculturing. The proportions of 3H-thymidine-labeled cells after continuous labeling from the beginning of the culture period showed 90% labeling for cells with alkaline phosphatase activity and fibroblastlike cells. Cultures labeled for only the first 3 days exhibited higher labeling of alkaline phosphatase-positive cells than fibroblastlike cells (P less than .05). Cultures that were flash-labeled at the end of the culture period demonstrated low labeling indices for cells with alkaline phosphatase activity and up to 10-fold higher labeling indices for fibroblastlike cells. Separate cultures treated with a cytocidal dose of high specific activity 3H-thymidine did not form nodules. These results indicate that osteogenic progenitor cells or another cell type required for nodules to develop must divide early in culture if nodule formation is to occur, and that osteoprogenitor cells express a limited capacity for self-renewal.

scholarly journals rhPDGF-BB Promotes Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells from Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats through ERK Pathway

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Zhao ◽  
Songmei Zhang ◽  
Deliang Zeng ◽  
Lunguo Xia ◽  
Ashwini Lamichhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Erk Pathway

Management of nonunion fracture and massive segmental bone defects in diabetes remains a challenging clinical problem. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are crucial for bone remodeling and hold promise for bone regeneration. However, we have showed previously that diabetes can affect the proliferation and osteogenic potential of BMSCs adversely and a strategy to attenuate the impaired functions of BMSCs is required. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) plays an important role in bone formation. However, little information is available about its effect on diabetic BMSCs. In this study, BMSCs were isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After treatment with recombinant human PDGF-BB (rhPDGF-BB), diabetic BMSCs demonstrated enhanced cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation based on increased expressions of osteogenic genes (Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin) and Runx2 protein, as well as upregulated alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. Furthermore, blocking extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway by inhibitor PD98059 repressed the enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in diabetic BMSCs induced by rhPDGF-BB. Together, these results indicated that rhPDGF-BB stimulates proliferation and osteogenic differentiation partially through ERK pathway in diabetic BMSCs. Therefore, modulation of diabetic BMSCs could augment BMSCs function affected by diabetes and holds significance for future strategies to treat diabetic bone complications.

scholarly journals Adipocyte development and the loss of erythropoietic capacity in the bone marrow of mice after sustained hypertransfusion

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Brookoff ◽  
L Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Marrow Stroma ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Adipocyte Development ◽  
Erythropoietic Response

Abstract In this electron microscopic study, erythropoiesis in mice was completely suppressed by repeated hypertransfusion for up to 6 wk. We describe a sequence of ultrastructural changes in the marrow's stromal cells that accompany the resulting shift from erythropoietic to granulopoietic tissue. These include the destruction of medullary macrophages, the accelerated development of marrow adipocytes and reticular cells, and a reduction in the amount of vascular space in the marrow. The absence of macrophages was highlighted by the complete lack of erythrophagocytosis in the marrows of hypertransfused mice that were injected with the hemolysing agent, phenylhydrazine. The changes in the marrow stroma probably underlie the shift in the marrow's hematopoietic microenvironment. Repeated phlebotomy of mice that had been hypertransfused for 2 wk evoked the appearance of unique stromal cells in the marrow, similar to cells that have been associated with accelerated erythropoiesis. The newly anemic mice were otherwise unable to mount an erythropoietic response to repeated bleeding, showing that the decline in the erythropoietic microenvironment brought on by sustained hypertransfusion was a lasting one.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone recruitment of self-renewing osteoprogenitor cells in chick bone marrow stromal cell cultures

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Kamalia ◽  
CA McCulloch ◽  
HC Tenebaum ◽  
H Limeback
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Mineralized Tissue ◽  
Osteoprogenitor Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Lineage ◽  
Population Doublings

Abstract Bone marrow stromal cells are a mixed population that contribute to the formation of the hematopoietic microenvironment. The osteogenic lineage includes populations of cells that, in culture, form discrete nodules of mineralized tissue when grown in the presence of ascorbic acid and sodium beta-glycerophosphate. We have used nodule formation to assay for the self-renewal capacity of osteoprogenitor cells in chick bone marrow cultures. To examine the regulatory influence of dexamethasone (Dx), first subcultures were grown continuously or split 1:1 at repeated subculture. Cells in continuous culture exhibited less than two population doublings, while cellular proliferation and alkaline phosphatase area were inhibited by 10(-8) mol/L Dx. Cells in split (redistributed) cultures exhibited up to 14 population doublings and cellular proliferation was also inhibited by Dx. In contrast with continuous cultures, redistributed cultures treated with Dx had increased alkaline phosphatase area and 15-fold larger amounts of mineralized tissue formation than controls. Osteogenesis was sustained for up to four subcultures and the ratio of mineralized tissue area to alkaline phosphotase positive cell area was at most 0.55. These data indicate that the osteogenic lineage of bone marrow stromal cells contains self-renewing progenitors that are recruited by Dx in culture and that at a maximum, only 55% of the alkaline phosphatase-positive cell population contributes to osteogenesis.

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