scholarly journals ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN MONKEYS IN RESPONSE TO INJECTION OF NORMAL MONKEY NERVOUS TISSUE

1947 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel M. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Allergic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Central Nervous Tissue ◽  
Normal Monkey ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter

By subcutaneous injection of central nervous tissue emulsified with adjuvants according to Freund's technique it has been possible to induce in the majority of monkeys an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis which is interpreted as an isoimmunization to CNS tissue. Positive reactions occurred only in response to CNS tissue containing white matter; i.e., cerebral white matter, spinal cord (whether normal or poliomyelitis-infected), and cortical "gray" matter (with an estimated 10 per cent contamination with white matter). No reaction occurred when peripheral nerve or kidney suspension or saline alone was injected with adjuvants. The perivascular and extravascular infiltration induced was confined to the CNS.

scholarly journals Transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats using supernates of incubated sensitized lymph node cells.

1977 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 1405-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
C C Whitacre ◽  
P Y Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Allergic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Transfer Activity ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Experimental Allergic

Supernates derived from incubated lymph node cells of Lewis rats sensitized to guinea pig spinal cord-Freund's adjuvant transfer experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) to syngeneic recipients. EAE supernatant transfer activity (EAE-STA) is not demonstrable in supernates derived from LNC of control donors not sensitized to nervous tissue. After addition of brain antigen to active supernates, EAE-STA is not longer demonstrable.

Electron Stereoscopy as a Means of Classifying Synaptic Vesicles

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-539
Author(s):  
MARION E. DENNISON
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Presynaptic Terminals ◽  
Central Nervous Tissue

In addition to the well known ‘round’ synaptic vesicles, 2 distinct types of ‘flat’ vesicle have been found by electron stereoscopy of aldehyde-fixed central nervous tissue. In the goldfish spinal cord presynaptic terminals are found which contain cylindrical vesicles, and others which contain disk-shaped vesicles. In the rat olfactory bulb no cylindrical vesicles are found; all the flat vesicles there appear to be disk-shaped.

scholarly journals Review of idiopathic eosinophilic meningitis in dogs and cats, with a detailed description of two recent cases in dogs : review and clinical communication

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Williams ◽  
L.S. Koster ◽  
V. Naidoo ◽  
L. Odendaal ◽  
A. Van Veenhuysen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Central Nervous Tissue ◽  
Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis

Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis (EME) has been described in various species of animals and in humans. In dogs it has been associated with protozoal infections, cuterebral myiasis and various other aetiologies. Ten cases of idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalitis have been reported in dogs and one in a cat where the origin was uncertain or unknown. The dogs were all males, of various breeds but with a predominance of Golden Retrievers and Rottweilers; they generally had a young age of onset. Two cases with no apparent underlying aetiology were diagnosed on post mortem examination. The 18-month-old, male Boerboel presented with sudden onset of cerebellar ataxia, as well as various asymmetrical cranial nerve deficits of 2 weeks' duration and without progression. Haematology revealed a peripheral eosinophilia. Necropsy showed extreme generalised congestion especially of the meninges and blood smear and histological sections of various tissues showed intravascular erythrocyte fragmentation with the formation of microcytes. Histopathology revealed severe diffuse cerebrocortical subarachnoidal meningitis and submeningeal encephalitis, the exudate containing variable numbers of eosinophils together with neutrophils and mononuclear cells. There was also deeper white matter and hippocampal multifocal perivascular mononuclear encephalitis and multifocal periventricular malacia, gliosis and phagocytosis of white matter. The cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord showed only mild multifocal oedema or scattered occasional axon and myelin degeneration respectively, with no inflammation. Immunohistochemical staining of central nervous tissue for Toxoplasma gondii failed to show any antigen in the central nervous tissue. Ultrastructure of a single submeningeal suspected parasitic cyst showed it to be chromatin clumping within a neuron nucleus indicating karyorrhexis. Gram stain provided no evidence of an aetiological agent. The 3-year-old Beagle bitch had a Caesarian section after developing a non-responsive inertia 8 days prior to presentation. This animal's clinical signs included status epilepticus seizures unrelated to hypocalcaemia and warranted induction of a barbiturate coma. She died 4 hours later. Post mortem and histopathological findings in the brain were almost identical to those of the Boerboel and she also showed histological evidence of recent active intravascular haemolysis with microcyte formation. Rabies, distemper and Neospora caninum immunohistochemical stains were negative in the brains of both dogs. Immunohistochemical staining of the cerebral and meningeal exudates of the Beagle for T- and B-lymphocyte (CD3 and CD79a) markers showed a predominance of T-lymphocytes with fewer scattered B lymphocytes. A possible allergic response to amoxicillin / clavulanate is considered, as this appeared to be the only feature common to the recent history of both animals. An overview of EME in humans, dogs and cats is given and the previously published cases of idiopathic EME in dogs and the single published cat case are briefly reviewed.

scholarly journals Spinal cord injury induces widespread chronic changes in cerebral white matter

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tero Ilvesmäki ◽  
Eerika Koskinen ◽  
Antti Brander ◽  
Teemu Luoto ◽  
Juha Öhman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Running in the Family? Structural Brain Abnormalities and IQ in Offspring, Siblings, Parents, and Co-twins of Patients with Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja M C de Zwarte ◽  
Rachel M Brouwer ◽  
Andromachi Tsouli ◽  
Wiepke Cahn ◽  
Manon H J Hillegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
Structural Brain

Abstract Structural brain abnormalities and cognitive deficits have been reported in patients with schizophrenia and to a lesser extent in their first-degree relatives (FDRs). Here we investigated whether brain abnormalities in nonpsychotic relatives differ per type of FDR and how these abnormalities are related to intelligent quotient (IQ). Nine hundred eighty individuals from 5 schizophrenia family cohorts (330 FDRs, 432 controls, 218 patients) were included. Effect sizes were calculated to compare brain measures of FDRs and patients with controls, and between each type of FDR. Analyses were repeated with a correction for IQ, having a nonpsychotic diagnosis, and intracranial volume (ICV). FDRs had significantly smaller ICV, surface area, total brain, cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, cerebellar gray and white matter, thalamus, putamen, amygdala, and accumbens volumes as compared with controls (ds < −0.19, q < 0.05 corrected). Offspring showed the largest effect sizes relative to the other FDRs; however, none of the effects in the different relative types survived correction for multiple comparisons. After IQ correction, all effects disappeared in the FDRs after correction for multiple comparisons. The findings in FDRs were not explained by having a nonpsychotic disorder and were only partly explained by ICV. FDRs show brain abnormalities that are strongly covarying with IQ. On the basis of consistent evidence of genetic overlap between schizophrenia, IQ, and brain measures, we suggest that the brain abnormalities in FDRs are at least partly explained by genes predisposing to both schizophrenia risk and IQ.

Soluble and bound acid protease activity of myelin from bovine cerebral white matter and spinal cord

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans H. Berlet ◽  
Heike Ilzenh�fer ◽  
Martin Kaefer
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Acid Protease ◽  
Cerebral White Matter

scholarly journals Fractional anisotropy of cerebral white matter and thickness of cortical gray matter across the lifespan

NeuroImage ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kochunov ◽  
D.C. Glahn ◽  
J. Lancaster ◽  
P.M. Thompson ◽  
V. Kochunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter

scholarly journals Simultaneous new onset of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in identical twins

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e000174
Author(s):  
Ivo Bekavac ◽  
Matea Matejic ◽  
Riley J Woods ◽  
John I Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
The Brain

ObjectiveTo present a case of two identical twins presenting concurrently with symptoms and subsequent initial diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).MethodsClinical, laboratory and MRI findings for both twins were reviewed and presented here.ResultsTwin A presented with right eye pain and subsequent blurred vision in right eye. MRI of the brain and spine demonstrated pre-chiasmal right optic nerve enhancement and T2 hyperintense lesions in the spinal cord at T7 and T9 levels. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was remarkable for NMO/aquaporin-4 (AQP4) fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) titre of 1:32 and a serum NMO/AQP4-IgG positive titre of 1:10 000. Twin B presented with diplopia. MRI of the brain and spine demonstrated T2 hyperintense lesions in the periventricular cerebral white matter, in the periaqueductal white matter of the pons, in the midbrain and the cervical spinal cord. Neurological examination findings revealed incomplete right trochlear palsy, rotatory nystagmus, an incomplete left internuclear ophthalmoplegia and hyper-reflexia. CSF analysis was remarkable for NMO/AQP4 FACS titre of 1:256 and a serum NMO-IgG positive titre of 1:10 000. Both twins responded well to intravenous steroid therapy. There was no adverse environmental exposure present.ConclusionWe present an interesting and rare case of identical twins presenting concurrently and for the first time with NMOSD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document