scholarly journals Red Cell Membrane Permeability Deduced from Bulk Diffusion Coefficients

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Redwood ◽  
E. Rall ◽  
W. Perl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Bulk Diffusion ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Column ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
One Dimensional

The permeability coefficients of dog red cell membrane to tritiated water and to a series of[14C]amides have been deduced from bulk diffusion measurements through a "tissue" composed of packed red cells. Red cells were packed by centrifugation inside polyethylene tubing. The red cell column was pulsed at one end with radiolabeled solute and diffusion was allowed to proceed for several hours. The distribution of radioactivity along the red cell column was measured by sequential slicing and counting, and the diffusion coefficient was determined by a simple plotting technique, assuming a one-dimensional diffusional model. In order to derive the red cell membrane permeability coefficient from the bulk diffusion coefficient, the red cells were assumed to be packed in a regular manner approximating closely spaced parallelopipeds. The local steady-state diffusional flux was idealized as a one-dimensional intracellular pathway in parallel with a one-dimensional extracellular pathway with solute exchange occurring within the series pathway and between the pathways. The diffusion coefficients in the intracellular and extracellular pathways were estimated from bulk diffusion measurements through concentrated hemoglobin solutions and plasma, respectively; while the volume of the extracellular pathway was determined using radiolabeled sucrose. The membrane permeability coefficients were in satisfactory agreement with the data of Sha'afi, R. I., C. M. Gary-Bobo, and A. K. Solomon (1971. J. Gen. Physiol. 58:238) obtained by a rapid-reaction technique. The method is simple and particularly well suited for rapidly permeating solutes.

scholarly journals Altered plasma membrane phospholipid organization in Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
RS Schwartz ◽  
JA Olson ◽  
C Raventos-Suarez ◽  
M Yee ◽  
RH Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Membrane Phospholipid ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Red Cell Membrane

The intraerythrocytic development of the malaria parasite is accompanied by distinct morphological and biochemical changes in the host cell membrane, yet little is known about development-related alterations in the transbilayer organization of membrane phospholipids in parasitized cells. This question was examined in human red cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Normal red cells were infected with strain FCR3 or with clonal derivatives that either produce (K+) or do not produce (K-) knobby protuberances on the infected red cells. Parasitized cells were harvested at various stages of parasite development, and the bilayer orientation of red cell membrane phospholipids was determined chemically using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) or enzymatically using bee venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and sphingomyelinase C (SMC). We found that parasite development was accompanied by distinct alterations in the red cell membrane transbilayer distribution of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS). Increases in the exoplasmic membrane leaflet exposure of PE and PS were larger in the late-stage parasitized cells than in the early-stage parasitized cells. Similar results were obtained for PE membrane distribution using either chemical (TNBS) or enzymatic (PLA2 plus SMC) methods, although changes in PS distribution were observed only with TNBS. Uninfected cohort cells derived from mixed populations of infected and uninfected cells exhibited normal patterns of membrane phospholipid organization. The observed alterations in P falciparum-infected red cell membrane phospholipid distribution, which is independent of the presence or absence of knobby protuberances, might be associated with the drastic changes in cell membrane permeability and susceptibility to early hemolysis observed in the late stages of parasite development.

scholarly journals Altered plasma membrane phospholipid organization in Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Schwartz ◽  
JA Olson ◽  
C Raventos-Suarez ◽  
M Yee ◽  
RH Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Membrane Phospholipid ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Red Cell Membrane

Abstract The intraerythrocytic development of the malaria parasite is accompanied by distinct morphological and biochemical changes in the host cell membrane, yet little is known about development-related alterations in the transbilayer organization of membrane phospholipids in parasitized cells. This question was examined in human red cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Normal red cells were infected with strain FCR3 or with clonal derivatives that either produce (K+) or do not produce (K-) knobby protuberances on the infected red cells. Parasitized cells were harvested at various stages of parasite development, and the bilayer orientation of red cell membrane phospholipids was determined chemically using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) or enzymatically using bee venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and sphingomyelinase C (SMC). We found that parasite development was accompanied by distinct alterations in the red cell membrane transbilayer distribution of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS). Increases in the exoplasmic membrane leaflet exposure of PE and PS were larger in the late-stage parasitized cells than in the early-stage parasitized cells. Similar results were obtained for PE membrane distribution using either chemical (TNBS) or enzymatic (PLA2 plus SMC) methods, although changes in PS distribution were observed only with TNBS. Uninfected cohort cells derived from mixed populations of infected and uninfected cells exhibited normal patterns of membrane phospholipid organization. The observed alterations in P falciparum-infected red cell membrane phospholipid distribution, which is independent of the presence or absence of knobby protuberances, might be associated with the drastic changes in cell membrane permeability and susceptibility to early hemolysis observed in the late stages of parasite development.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTIC OF RESISTANCE OF ERYTHROCYTES IN CARDIOSURGICAL PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS DEGREE OF MANIFESTATION OF POSTPERFUSION HEMOLYSIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
I. V. Maltseva
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Osmotic Resistance ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Minimal Level ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
High Level

The resistance of red cells to the mechanic, osmotic, and acid factors, as well as the permeability of red-cell membrane to low-molecular hydrophilic substances in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) with moderate (24 patients) and pronounced (13 patients) hemolysis after surgery under conditions of cardia bypass has been studied. It is found that the development of pronounced hemolysis (in contrast to the moderate one) is associated with the high permeability of the red-cell membrane before surgery at the reduced acid and mechanic resistance of cells, which decreases after surgery and combines with normalization of acid resistance of red cells with the red-cell membrane permeability kept at the initially high level. The osmotic resistance of red cells in IHD patients is increased regardless of the level of hemolysis and the stage of the study, and its minimal level is observed only in patients with moderate hemolysis before surgery.

scholarly journals Inhibition of malarial parasite invasion by monoclonal antibodies against glycophorin A correlates with reduction in red cell membrane deformability

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1836-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Pasvol ◽  
JA Chasis ◽  
N Mohandas ◽  
DJ Anstee ◽  
MJ Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Glycophorin A ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Parasite Invasion ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Fab Fragments

Abstract The effect of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies to red cell surface molecules on the invasion of human red cells by the malarial parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi was examined. Antibodies to glycophorin A (GP alpha) inhibit invasion for both parasite species, and this is highly correlated with the degree to which they decrease red cell membrane deformability as measured by ektacytometry. This effect on rigidity and invasion was also seen with monovalent Fab fragments. The closer the antibody binding site was to the membrane bilayer, the greater was its effect on inducing membrane rigidity and decreasing parasite invasion. Antibodies to the Wright determinant in particular were the most inhibitory. This differential effect of the various antibodies was not correlated with their binding affinities or the number of sites bound per cell. Antibodies to surface molecules other than GP alpha were without effect. A novel mechanism is described whereby monoclonal antibodies and their Fab fragments directed at determinants on the external surface of red cells might act to inhibit invasion by malarial parasites by altering membrane material properties.

scholarly journals Tracer Determinations of Human Red Cell Membrane Permeability to Small Nonelectrolytes

1971 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Savitz ◽  
A. K. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Water Partition Coefficient ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Red Cell Membranes ◽  
Human Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Good Agreement

A flow system has been used to determine the permeability of human red cell membranes to four small nonelectrolytes labeled with 14C. The permeability coefficients, ω, in units of mol dyne-1 sec-1 x 1015, are: ethylene glycol, 6; urea, 13; formamide, 22; and methanol, 131. The values for urea and formamide are in good agreement with values obtained by Sha'afi, Gary-Bobo, and Solomon by the minimum method. The unusually high value for ω for methanol is ascribed to its solubility in the red cell membrane since its ether: water partition coefficient is 0.14, higher by more than an order of magnitude than the ether: water partition coefficient for water. The other three solutes are hydrophilic and are characterized by values of ω which behave consistently with those of other hydrophilic amides and ureas. The values of ω for the three hydrophilic solutes measured are also consistent with an equivalent pore radius of about 3.5 A in agreement with previous estimates made on the basis of other types of studies.

scholarly journals Lipid analyses and fluidity studies by electron spin resonance of red cell membranes in hereditary high red cell membrane phosphatidylcholine hemolytic anemia

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Yawata ◽  
T Sugihara ◽  
M Mori ◽  
S Nakashima ◽  
Y Nozawa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spin Resonance ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Electron Spin ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Spin Resonance

Abstract Membrane lipid analyses and electron spin resonance (ESR) studies of membrane fluidity were carried out on the red cells of a Japanese patient with hereditary high red cell membrane phosphatidylcholine hemolytic anemia (HPCHA). Increased amounts of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol were found in the membrane lipids of the affected patient, despite normal plasma lipids. The order parameter of cholesterol-free pure phospholipid liposomes prepared from this patient's red cells was decreased, apparently because of the increased PC. In contrast, the order parameter of the total red cell lipid liposomes (containing free cholesterol) was essentially normal. The overall fluidity of the intact red cells was determined by ESR with a spin probe, 5-SAL. Again, the order parameters were normal in the intact red cells of the patient with HPCHA. This suggests that the concomitant increase of membrane cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine serves to maintain normal membrane fluidity in the HPCHA red cells.

Erythrophagocytosis by the Epithelial Cells of the Bladder

1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-573
Author(s):  
J. ST J. WAKEFIELD ◽  
R. M. HICKS
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Transitional Epithelium ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Epithelial Tumours ◽  
Membrane Changes

N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS), ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and cyclophosphamide (CP) are all cytotoxic to the transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder, and also cause haemorrhage from the subepithelial blood capillaries. Erythrocytes enter the epithelium and are phagocytosed by the epithelial cells where they are subsequently digested. Two other compounds, dibutyl nitrosamine (DBN) and N-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl)-formamide (NFTF) are only mildly cytotoxic but produce bladder epithelial tumours. Where haemorrhage occurs in these tumours, the erythrocytes are phagocytosed and digested by the neoplastic epithelial cells. The ingested red cells appear to lie free in the epithelial cell cytoplasm, surrounded by only a single unit membrane. Densitometric tracings, however, show that this membrane is derived from the epithelial cells and that the red cells lie within a phagocytic vacuole. Careful inspection reveals the red cell membrane within the dense content of the vacuole, indicating that the permeability of the red cell membrane changes rapidly as soon as it is engulfed, so that haemoglobin is released into the phagocytic vacuole. The contents of the vacuole disintegrate and myelin figures and small amounts of residual dense material appear, but at no time was it possible to demonstrate acid phosphatase activity associated with the vacuole.

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