scholarly journals Effectiveness of Isoniazid Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Injection Drug Users in Methadone Programs

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1686-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Scholten ◽  
C. R. Driver ◽  
S. S. Munsiff ◽  
K. Kaye ◽  
M. A. Rubino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Intersubtype Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Superinfection following Seroconversion to Primary Infection in Two Injection Drug Users

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 7444-7452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Ramos ◽  
Dale J. Hu ◽  
Lily Nguyen ◽  
Kim-Oanh Phan ◽  
Suphak Vanichseni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT In this study, we describe two cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) intersubtype superinfection with CRF01_AE and subtype B strains, which occurred in two injection drug users participating in a prospective cohort study in Bangkok, Thailand. In both cases, the superinfecting strain was detected by molecular and serologic analyses several weeks after complete seroconversion to the primary infection with a strain belonging to a different subtype. Superinfection occurred despite specific T-cell and humoral antibody responses to the primary virus. In both cases, cross-subtype immune responses were limited or absent prior to the second infection. These data show that, in some individuals, the quality and quantity of the immune response elicited by primary HIV-1 infection may not protect against superinfection. This finding has important implications for vaccine design. HIV-1 vaccines, at a minimum, will need to include potent, broadly protective, conserved immunogens derived from several group M subtypes.

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