β‐Glucocerebrosidase Activity in the Stratum Corneum of House Sparrows following Acclimation to High and Low Humidity

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Cox ◽  
Agustí Muñoz‐Garcia ◽  
Marianne S. Jurkowitz ◽  
Joseph B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Low Humidity

scholarly journals Developmental plasticity of cutaneous water loss and lipid composition in stratum corneum of desert and mesic nestling house sparrows

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (40) ◽  
pp. 15611-15616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustí Muñoz-Garcia ◽  
Joseph B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Intercellular Lipids ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Two Populations

Intercellular lipids of the stratum corneum (SC), the outer layer of the epidermis, form a barrier to water vapor diffusion through the skin. Previously, we measured cutaneous water loss (CWL) and lipid composition of the SC of adult house sparrows from two populations, one living in the deserts of Saudi Arabia and another living in mesic Ohio. Adult desert house sparrows had a lower CWL, a lower proportion of free fatty acids, and a higher proportion of ceramides and cerebrosides in the SC compared with mesic sparrows. In this study, we investigated developmental plasticity of CWL and lipid composition of the SC in desert and mesic nestling house sparrows reared in low and high humidity and compared our results with previous work on adults. We measured CWL of nestlings and analyzed the lipid composition of the SC using thin-layer chromatography. We showed that nestling house sparrows from both localities had higher CWL than adults in their natural environment, a result of major modifications of the lipid composition of the SC. The expression of plasticity in CWL seems to be a response to opposed selection pressures, thermoregulation and water conservation, at different life stages, on which regulation of CWL plays a crucial role. Desert nestlings showed a greater degree of plasticity in CWL and lipid composition of the SC than did mesic nestlings, a finding consistent with the idea that organisms exposed to more environmental stress ought to be more plastic than individuals living in more benign environments.

scholarly journals KAJIAN HISTOKIMIA SEBARAN KARBOHIDRAT ASAM PADA LAMBUNG DEPAN SAPI SUMBA ONGOLE (Bos indicus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Theresia Bergita Paulino ◽  
Filphin Adolfin Amalo ◽  
Inggrid Trinidad Maha
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Low Humidity

Sumba ongole (Bos indicus) is one of the Indonesian local cattle breeds that has a high number of carcasses and good adaptability to the dry climate and low humidity on the island of Sumba. Cattle have a forestomach consisting of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum, which functions to ferment and absorb nutrition. This study aims to determine the distribution of acid carbohydrates in the rumen, reticulum, and omasum of sumba ongole cattle. Six samples of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum were collected from East Sumba Slaughter House, fixed in formalin 10 %, processed histologically, and continued with alcian blue (AB) staining. The result showed the various/different intensity of acid carbohydrates in each of the tunica of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum. The distribution is mostly found in the stratum corneum lamina epithelium. The results of this study indicate that the stratum corneum is the layer that is more frequently exposed to food that requires acid carbohydrates in its function to protect the forestomach as well as to lubricate the food to make it easier to digest.

scholarly journals Cutaneous water loss and sphingolipids covalently bound to corneocytes in the stratum corneum of house sparrows Passer domesticus

2008 ◽  
Vol 211 (10) ◽  
pp. 1690-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gu ◽  
A. Munoz-Garcia ◽  
J. C. Brown ◽  
J. Ro ◽  
J. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Covalently Bound

Changes in corneocyte element concentrations occur in skin inner stratum corneum

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Intercellular Lipid

Keratinocytes undergo maturation during their transit through the viable layers of skin, and then abruptly transform into flattened, anuclear corneocytes that constitute the cellular component of the skin barrier, the stratum corneum (SC). The SC is generally considered to be homogeneous in its structure and barrier properties, and is often shown schematically as a featureless brick wall, the “bricks” being the corneocytes, the “mortar” being intercellular lipid. Previously we showed the outer SC was not homogeneous in its composition, but contained steep gradients of the physiological inorganic elements Na, K and Cl, likely originating from sweat salts. Here we show the innermost corneocytes in human skin are also heterogeneous in composition, undergoing systematic changes in intracellular element concentration during transit into the interior of the SC.Human skin biopsies were taken from the lower leg of individuals with both “good” and “dry” skin and plunge-frozen in a stirred, cooled isopentane/propane mixture.

Paracrystalline Aggregates of Psoriatic Keratin and Their Relation to Normal Keratin Structure

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
P.M. Steinert ◽  
B.L. Trus ◽  
A.C. Steven
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Proteolytic Degradation ◽  
Horny Layer ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Chronic Skin Disease

During terminal differentiation of vertebrate epidermis, certain specific keratin intermediate filament (KIF) proteins are produced. Keratinization of the epidermis involves cell death and disruption of the cytoplasm, leaving a network of KIF embedded in an amorphous matrix which forms the outer horny layer known as the stratum corneum. Eventually these cells are shed (desquamation). Normally, the processes of differentiation, keratinization, and desquamation are regulated in an orderly manner. In psoriasis, a chronic skin disease, a hyperkeratotic stratum corneum is produced, resulting in abnormal desquamation of unusually large scales. In this disease, the normal KIF proteins are diminished in amount or absent, and other proteins more typical of proliferative epidermal cells are present. There is also evidence of proteolytic degradation of the KIF.

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