Sunlight protection in normal skin. By absorptive filter chemically induced in stratum corneum

1966 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Fusaro
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Chemically Induced

Effect of Natural and Synthetic Fibers and Film and Moisture Content on Stratum Corneum Hydration in an Occlusive System

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Cameron ◽  
Donna M. Brown ◽  
Merry Jo Dallas ◽  
Brenda Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Hydration Level ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

The effects of fabric made from natural and synthetic fibers and film on transepidermal water loss (tewl) from the stratum corneum (sc) were investigated using an occluded system. Sixteen fabrics differing in fiber type and construction were placed on the volar forearm of 35 female subjects in a dry state (standard moisture regain) and a wetted state. Each fabric was in place for 40 minutes before tewl was measured. There was no statistically significant difference in tewl measurements on a control skin site from the beginning to the end of the 75-minute test session in a controlled conditioned environment. Placement of dry fabrics on the skin did not significantly affect the hydration level of the sc, though all dry fabrics did increase the hydration level slightly. Wetted wool and cotton fabrics significantly hydrated the sc when levels were compared to either normal skin or skin covered by dry fabrics. Of the seven synthetic fiber fabrics tested in a wetted state, three (acrylic, ptfe, and spun nylon) significantly increased the sc hydration level. These three fabrics and the natural fiber fabrics had comparable wetted moisture content.

Biophysical changes after mechanical injury of the stratum corneum in normal skin

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hun Huh ◽  
Koo Il Seo ◽  
Sang Duck Kim ◽  
Ji Hyun Han ◽  
Hee Chul Eun
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Biophysical Changes

scholarly journals Comparison of ceramide retention in the stratum corneum between dry skin and normal skin using animal model with fluorescent imaging method

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miku Aoki ◽  
Kazuhiro Ogai ◽  
Masato Kobayashi ◽  
Takeo Minematsu ◽  
Toshio Nakatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Dry Skin

scholarly journals Cytokine and eicosanoid regulation by Schistosoma mansoniduring LSE penetration

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Fusco ◽  
B. Salafsky ◽  
T. Shibuya
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Equivalent ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Cercarial penetration, in low to moderate numbers, does not cause a normal skin inflammatory response; therefore, the authors sought to determine whether cercariae can down-regulate keratinocyte activation and thus the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids. Human living skin equivalent (LSE, Organogenesis) consisting of dermal, epidermal and stratum corneum-like layers was used as the skin substrate. The surface of the LSE membrane was exposed to 100 ng IFNγ or ~850 cercariae for 18 h. Incubation media and tissue was then assayed for IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, 5-HETE, 12-HETE, PGF2, LTB4, and LTC4via RIA and Western Blots. TNFα was not detected. Secreted IL-1α levels were (mean ± S.E.M. (n)): Control, 1.03 ng ± 0.15 (11); IFNγ 1.90 ng ± 0.48 (5); cercariae, 1.79 ng ± 0.22 (22). In spite of this increase, cercariae down-regulated IL-8 (cercariae 11.13 ± 1.70 ng vs. IFNγ = 16.47 ± 0.29 ng, p = 0.04) and LTB4(cercariae = 98.86 ± 19.65 pg/0.1 ml vs. IFNγ = 193.42 ± 44.21 pg/0.1 ml p = 0.02). No changes were seen in IL-6, 12-HETE, 5-HETE, and PGE2levels. It is concluded that cercarial penetration causes a release of IL-1α consistent with skin trauma; however, schistosomulae may regulate the production of chemotactic (neutrophils, macrophages, T-cells, etc.) and activation factors such as IL-8 and LTB4.

In Vivo Cutaneous Response to Fabric Part V: Effect of Fiber Type and Fabric Moisture Content on Stratum Corneum Hydration

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Hatch ◽  
Nancy L. Markee ◽  
Harriet H. Prato ◽  
S. Haig Zeronian ◽  
Howard I. Maibach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Stratum Corneum Hydration

Fabric placed over human skin may change the stratum corneum (SC) hydration level, an important phenomenon because increases in normal levels of SC hydration pose potential health problems. The skin becomes more susceptible to abrasive damage, increases in permeability, and is more prone to microbial growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fiber type and fabric moisture content on SC hydration. Using three similarly constructed knit fabrics, six fabric type/moisture content combinations were selected for the tests. Using an occluded plastic dome, fabric samples were placed on both “normal” and “hydrated” volar forearm skin of subjects for a specified time period, then removed. Two minutes after removal, evaporative water loss and skin temperature were measured. The design of the study was a randomized complete block with all possible treatment combinations applied to each subject. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance on the linear and quadratic coefficients of best fit lines and Bonferroni t tests. For “normal” skin, SC hydration generally increased as fabric moisture content increased. The SC was significantly drier after being in contact with cotton fabric at regain than at the two moisture content levels above regain, and also under polyester fabric. For hydrated skin, the hydration state was significantly lower under the cotton fabric at regain than at 38.6% moisture content and at saturation, but was not significantly different under the polyester fabric at regain and at saturation.

scholarly journals Persistence of Both Peripheral and Non-Peripheral Corneodesmosomes in the Upper Stratum Corneum of Winter Xerosis Skin Versus only Peripheral in Normal Skin

2001 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Bernard ◽  
Anne-Marie Minondo ◽  
Christiane Camus ◽  
Françoise Fiat ◽  
Pierre Corcuff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Normal Skin

Caspase-14 als mögliches therapeutisches Ziel beim chronischen Handekzem

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To investigate whether the skin barrier function is impaired with regard to the pH value, water content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and the integrity of the stratum corneum, and whether the expression of caspase-14 is altered in moderate to severe chronic hand eczema (CHE). Methods: Thirty patients with moderate to severe CHE treated at our institute and 30 healthy volunteers were included in this study. The pH value, water content, TEWL, and the integrity of the stratum corneum were measured in all subjects. Results: Significantly increased pH value, decreased water content, elevated TEWL, and impaired integrity of the stratum corneum were observed in the lesional skin of CHE patients compared with the nonlesional skin of CHE patients and the normal skin of healthy volunteers. The expression of caspase-14 decreased in the lesional and nonlesional skin of CHE patients compared with the normal skin of healthy volunteers, especially prominent in the nonlesional skin. The mean optical density (OD) value of immunohistochemical staining for caspase-14 was significantly lower in the nonlesional skin than in the lesional skin and normal skin (p < 0.01 for both). Although the mean OD value was lower in the lesional skin than in the normal skin, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Skin barrier dysfunction indeed occurs in CHE patients, which may be related to mechanisms associated with a downregulated expression of caspase-14.

scholarly journals Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momoko Kawana ◽  
Masatoshi Miyamoto ◽  
Yusuke Ohno ◽  
Akio Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Elongation Cycle ◽  
Barrier Formation ◽  
Ceramide Synthesis

Ceramides are the predominant lipids in the stratum corneum (SC) and are crucial components for normal skin barrier function. Although the composition of various ceramide classes in the human SC has been reported, that in mice is still unknown, despite mice being widely used as animal models of skin barrier function. Here, we performed LC/MS/MS analyses using recently available ceramide class standards to measure 25 classes of free ceramides and 5 classes of protein-bound ceramides from human and mouse SC. Phytosphingosine- and 6-hydroxy sphingosine-type ceramides, which both contain an additional hydroxyl group, were abundant in the human SC (35% and 45% of total ceramides, respectively). In contrast, in mice, phytosph­ingosine- and 6-hydroxy sphingosine-type ceramides were present at ∼1% and undetectable levels, respectively, and sphingosine-type ceramides accounted for ∼90%. In humans, ceramides containing α-hydroxy FA were abundant, whereas ceramides containing β-hydroxy or ω-hydroxy FA were abundant in mice. The hydroxylated β-carbon in β-hydroxy ceramides was in the (R) configuration. Genetic knockout of β-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydratases in HAP1 cells increased β-hydroxy ceramide levels, suggesting that β-hydroxy acyl-CoA, an FA-elongation cycle intermediate in the ER, is a substrate for β-hydroxy ceramide synthesis. We anticipate that our methods and findings will help to elucidate the role of each ceramide class in skin barrier formation and in the pathogenesis of skin disorders.

scholarly journals Study of apoptosis in normal skin tissues

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jūratė Grigaitienė ◽  
Irena Marčiukaitienė ◽  
Audra Blažienė ◽  
Anželika Chomičienė
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Normal Human Skin ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Skin Epidermis

The aim of the study was to investigate the apoptosis in normal human skin by examination of all epidermal layers. Material and methods. The normal skin epidermis of 15 healthy subjects was investigated by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-X nick end labeling) technique. Apoptotic cells were evaluated in the germinative and differential compartments and stratum corneum. Only highly TUNEL-positive cells with typical morphological DNA fragmentation signs were calculated. Results. In vital strata (except stratum corneum) of normal skin epidermis, 37.5% of all TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the germinative compartment and 41.7% in the granular layer of differential compartment. Conclusions. The study showed that apoptosis occurs in all layers of normal skin epidermis. It demonstrates that apoptosis is highly important in the renewal of cells and formation of epidermal structure within all compartments.

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