scholarly journals Enhancing Patient Safety by Reducing Healthcare-Associated Infections: The Role of Discovery and Dissemination

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Science Base ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
National Approach

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) take a major human toll on society and reduce public confidence in the healthcare system. The current convergence of scientific, public, and legislative interest in reducing rates of HAI can provide the necessary momentum to address and answer important questions in HAI research. This position paper outlines priorities for a national approach to HAIs: scrutinizing the science base, developing a prioritized research agenda, conducting studies that address the questions that have been identified, creating and deploying guidelines that are based on the outcomes of these studies, and then initiating new studies that assess the efficacy of the interventions.

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
O.M. Verner ◽  
L.F. Slepova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

Species of the Acinetobacter represent opportunistic bacteria with a growing clinical significance for Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). In this literature review, we focus on the current role of Acinetobacter in infectious pathology and describe taxonomy, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance of these bacteria. Pathogenesis and regulation of virulence factors in Acinetobacter spp. are described in detail. The majority of acinetobacterial infections are associated with A. baumannii and occur predominantly in an immunocompromised host. Usually, acinetobacterial  infections  are characterized by local purulent inflammation; in severe cases, meningitis and sepsis may develop. Antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter is a major clinical problem; therefore we give special attention to laboratory testing of resistance to antibiotics as well as identification of Acinetobacter.

Role of active epidemiological surveillance in the detection of healthcare-associated infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 3_2019 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Yarovoy S.K. Yarovoy ◽  
Voskanian Sh.L. Voskanian ◽  
Tutelyan А.V. Tutelyan ◽  
Gladkova L.S. Gladkova L ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

scholarly journals Modeling Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae episodes’ evolution in France over 2010-2020

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Roux ◽  
N Nekkab ◽  
P Astagneau ◽  
P Crépey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Time Series Modeling ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
Response System ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Background Incidence of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) episodes within hospitals is rising at an alarming rate and threaten health systems and patient safety worldwide. Their number is growing in France since 2009 associated with inter-regional dissemination and importation of international cases. This study aimed at describing the dynamics of CPE episodes in France over 2010-2016 and forecasting their evolution for 2017-2020. Methods Surveillance data of CPE episodes (imported and non-imported) from August 2010 to November 2016 were issued from the French national Healthcare-Associated Infections Early Warning and Response System. Impact of seasonality on the number of CPE episodes was analyzed using seasonal-to-irregular ratios. Seven models issued from time series analysis and three ensemble stacking models (average, convex and linear stacking) were used to describe and forecast CPE episodes. The model with the best forecasting’s quality was then trained on all available data (2010-2016) and used to predict CPE episodes over 2017-2020. Results Over 2010-2016, 3,559 CPE episodes were observed in France. Compared to the average yearly trend, we observed a 30% increase in the number of CPE episodes in September and October. On the opposite, a decrease of 20% was noticed in February compared to other months. We also noticed a 1-month lagged seasonality of non-imported episodes compared to imported ones. The number of non-imported episodes appeared to grow faster than imported ones starting from 2014. Average stacking gave the best forecasts and predicted an increase over 2017-2020 with a peak up to 345 CPE episodes (95% PI [124-1,158], 80% PI [171-742]) in September 2020. Conclusions The number of CPE episodes is predicted to rise in the next years in France because of non-imported episodes. These results could help public health authorities in the definition and evaluation of new containment strategies. Key messages Time series modeling predicts an increase in the number of CPE episodes in France in the next few years with a quicker rise of non-imported episodes. An increase of 30% in the number of CPE episodes was observed in September and October with a 1-month lagged seasonality impact of non-imported episodes compared to imported one.

scholarly journals Water as a Source of Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Claire Hayward ◽  
Kirstin E. Ross ◽  
Melissa H. Brown ◽  
Harriet Whiley
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
The Us ◽  
Waterborne Infection ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are one of the most common patient complications, affecting 7% of patients in developed countries each year. The rise of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria has been identified as one of the biggest global health challenges, resulting in an estimated 23,000 deaths in the US annually. Environmental reservoirs for AMR bacteria such as bed rails, light switches and doorknobs have been identified in the past and addressed with infection prevention guidelines. However, water and water-related devices are often overlooked as potential sources of HAI outbreaks. This systematic review examines the role of water and water-related devices in the transmission of AMR bacteria responsible for HAIs, discussing common waterborne devices, pathogens, and surveillance strategies. AMR strains of previously described waterborne pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium spp., and Legionella spp. were commonly isolated. However, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae that are not typically associated with water were also isolated. Biofilms were identified as a hot spot for the dissemination of genes responsible for survival functions. A limitation identified was a lack of consistency between environmental screening scope, isolation methodology, and antimicrobial resistance characterization. Broad universal environmental surveillance guidelines must be developed and adopted to monitor AMR pathogens, allowing prediction of future threats before waterborne infection outbreaks occur.

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