:Artillery of Heaven: American Missionaries and the Failed Conversion of the Middle East.(The United States in the World.)

Abstract The Palestine-Israel conflict is probably one of the most pressing problems in the Middle East. Moreover, the United States has been involved in this conflict since the 1970s. Therefore, the present research aims to learn more about the American perception of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. It was conducted using a survey that addressed Americans from different backgrounds, focusing on four variables: the American government’s position, solutions, the Israeli settlements, and Jerusalem. The research suggests a correlation between political party and the American perception of the conflict. It appears that Republicans seem to be against the withdrawal of the Israeli settlements, and they believe that the US government is not biased toward Israel. Nevertheless, Democrats tend to believe that the US government is biased in favor of Israel, and they support withdrawing the Israeli settlements. Moreover, there might be another correlation between the American perception and the source of information they use to learn about the conflict. Most of the surveyed Americans, whatever their resource of information that they use to learn about the conflict is, tend to believe that the US is biased in favor of Israel. It is crucial to know about the American perception when approaching to a solution to the conflict as the US is a mediator in this conflict, and a powerful country in the world. Especially because it has a permanent membership in the UN council. KEYWORDS: American Perception, Palestine-Israel Conflict, Jerusalem, Israeli settlements

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PRESENTING THE “TRUE FACE OF SYRIA” TO THE WORLD: URBAN DISORDER AND CIVILIZATIONAL ANXIETIES AT THE FIRST DAMASCUS INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION

International Journal of Middle East Studies ◽

10.1017/s0020743810000413 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 391-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kevin W. Martin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Latin America ◽

Middle East ◽

The United States ◽

National Identities ◽

The World ◽

International Exposition ◽

Industrial Productivity ◽

Urban Disorder

International fairs—the “folk-festivals of capitalism”—have long been a favorite topic of historians studying quintessential phenomena of modernity such as the celebration of industrial productivity, the construction of national identities, and the valorization of bourgeois leisure and consumption in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Europe, the United States, and Latin America. To date, however, such spectacles occurring in the modern Middle East remain largely unexamined. This article, an analysis of the discourse surrounding the first Damascus International Exposition in 1954, is conceived in part as a preliminary effort to redress this historiographic imbalance.

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The Missionary Solution

Sharing the Burden ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190618605.003.0004 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 80-110

Author(s):

Charlie Laderman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Civil Society ◽

Humanitarian Aid ◽

The United States ◽

Representative Government ◽

World War ◽

World War One ◽

Civilizing Mission ◽

American Missionaries ◽

The World

This chapter examines the attempt by American missionaries to help remold the Ottoman state into a constitutional political system in the aftermath of the 1909 Young Turk Revolution. It explains why Americans, who had long regarded their missionaries as humanitarian aid agents helping to support and uplift the Armenians through their mission stations, now looked to them to extend their “civilizing mission” across the Empire. It explores the growth of the Protestant missionary lobby in the United States and the ways in which it developed support for an attempt to build a civil society in the Ottoman Empire that would ensure security for the Armenians within a reformed Ottoman polity. It explains why missionaries and their supporters viewed this as part of a larger mission to spread Christian ideals and representative government around the world alongside British evangelists. Missionary dreams of a new Ottoman nation collapsed when, amidst World War One, the Ottoman Armenians faced wholesale destruction. This chapter concludes by exploring how Woodrow Wilson’s administration and the missionaries responded to this “Crime Against Humanity,” and why their determination to maintain American neutrality so infuriated Theodore Roosevelt. It examines how the missionary lobby pioneered an unprecedented relief operation, and worked in partnership with the leading British champion of the Armenians, James Bryce, to publicize the atrocities and plan for Armenia’s ultimate liberation from Ottoman rule.

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Introduction

Sport, Politics and Society in the Middle East ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190065218.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Tamir Sorek ◽

Danyel Reiche

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Middle East ◽

The United States ◽

Abu Dhabi ◽

Sporting Events ◽

World Cup ◽

Fifa World Cup ◽

The World ◽

Global Affairs

Sports in the Middle East have become a major issue in global affairs: Qatar’s successful bid for the FIFA World Cup 2022 (won in a final vote against the United States), the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final in Turkey’s most populous city Istanbul, the European basketball championship EuroBasket in 2017 in Israel, and other major sporting events, such as the annually staged Formula 1 races in Bahrain and Abu Dhabi, have put an international spotlight on the region. In particular, media around the world are discussing the question of whether the most prestigious sporting events should be staged in a predominantly authoritarian, socially conservative, and politically contentious part of the world....

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The Limits of Shock and Awe: America in the Middle East

Current History ◽

10.1525/curh.2005.104.678.3 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 104 (678) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Augustus Richard Norton ◽

Farhad Kazemi

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Middle East ◽

The United States ◽

The World ◽

Major Region

Never before has a country committed itself to so fundamental and dramatic a transformation of a major region of the world as the United States has in the Middle East since 2001… . It remains to be seen how well the rhetoric of promoting reform will weather the experience of promoting reform.

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Origin, Domestication, and Dispersing of Pear (Pyrusspp.)

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2014/541097 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

G. J. Silva ◽

Tatiane Medeiros Souza ◽

Rosa Lía Barbieri ◽

Antonio Costa de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Middle East ◽

Literature Review ◽

The United States ◽

Pyrus Communis ◽

Asia Minor ◽

Cultural Importance ◽

The World ◽

Current Scenario ◽

History Of

The pear (Pyrus communisL.) is a typical fruit of temperate regions, having its origin and domestication at two different points, China and Asia Minor until the Middle East. It is the fifth most widely produced fruit in the world, being produced mainly in China, Europe, and the United States. Pear belongs to rosaceous family, being a close “cousin” of the apple, but with some particularities that make this fruit special with a delicate flavor. Thus, it deserves a special attention and a meticulous review of all the history involved, and the recent research devoted to it, because of the economic and cultural importance of this fruit in a range of countries and cultures. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to approach the history of the origin, domestication, and dispersal of pears, as well as reporting their botany, their current scenario in the world, and their breeding and conservation.

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Humanitarian Imperialism

Ethics & International Affairs ◽

10.1111/j.1747-7093.2005.tb00497.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 21-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Terry Nardin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Middle East ◽

Humanitarian Intervention ◽

The United States ◽

Democratic Regimes ◽

The World ◽

War In Iraq ◽

Traditional Understanding

Fernando Tesón offers two “humanitarian rationales” for the war in Iraq. The first, which he calls the “narrow” rationale, is that the war was fought to overthrow a tyrant. The second, “grand,” rationale is that it was fought as part of a strategy for defending the United States by establishing democratic regimes in the Middle East and throughout the world–peacefully, if possible, but by force if necessary. Both rationales strain the traditional understanding of humanitarian intervention.

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