Disruption thermal load mitigation with shattered pellet injection on the Joint European Torus (JET)

Abstract A series of experiments have been executed at JET to assess the efficacy of the newly installed Shattered Pellet Injection (SPI) system in mitigating the effects of disruptions. Issues, important for the ITER disruption mitigation system, such as thermal load mitigation, avoidance of runaway electron formation, radiation asymmetries during thermal quench mitigation, electromagnetic load control and runaway electron energy dissipation have been addressed over a large parameter range. The efficiency of the mitigation has been examined for the various SPI injection strategies. The paper summarises the results from these JET SPI experiments and discusses their implications for the ITER disruption mitigation scheme.

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Thermal load effects on precision membranes

10.2514/6.1999-1525 ◽

1999 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Jenkins ◽

S. Faisal

Keyword(s):

Thermal Load ◽

Load Effects

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Buckling Temperature and Buckling Stress of a Steel Member with Lateral Bracing Caused by a Thermal Load

IABSE Symposium Report ◽

10.2749/222137815818358114 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (30) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Takayoshi Nishino

Keyword(s):

Thermal Load ◽

Buckling Stress ◽

Lateral Bracing

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Thermal load in a medium-sized European city using the example of Aachen, Germany

Erdkunde ◽

10.3112/erdkunde.2014.02.01 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 71-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mareike Buttstädt ◽

Christoph Schneider

Keyword(s):

Thermal Load ◽

European City

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Analysis of filament-wound sandwich pipe under combined internal pressure and thermal load considering restrained and closed ends

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping ◽

10.1016/j.ijpvp.2021.104350 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 191 ◽

pp. 104350

Author(s):

James C. Hastie ◽

Maria Kashtalyan ◽

Igor A. Guz

Keyword(s):

Internal Pressure ◽

Thermal Load ◽

Filament Wound

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Refrigeration of COVID-19 Vaccines: Ideal Storage Characteristics, Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impacts of Various Vaccine Options

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14071849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1849

Author(s):

Alexandre F. Santos ◽

Pedro D. Gaspar ◽

Heraldo J. L. de Souza

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Thermal Load ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Energy Simulation ◽

Energy Usage ◽

Impact Simulation ◽

Storage Characteristics ◽

The Ideal

This article considers the ideal storage conditions for multiple vaccine brands, such as Pfizer, Moderna, CoronaVac, Oxford–AstraZeneca, Janssen COVID-19 and Sputnik V. Refrigerant fluid options for each storage condition, thermal load to cool each type of vaccine and environmental impacts of refrigerants are compared. An energy simulation using the EUED (energy usage effectiveness design) index was developed. The Oxford–AstraZeneca, Janssen COVID-19 and CoronaVac vaccines show 9.34-times higher energy efficiency than Pfizer. In addition, a TEWI (total equivalent warming impact) simulation was developed that prioritizes direct environmental impacts and indirect in refrigeration. From this analysis, it is concluded that the cold storage of Oxford–AstraZeneca, Janssen COVID-19 and CoronaVac vaccines in Brazil generates 35-times less environmental impact than the Pfizer vaccine.

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