Ocular and Orbital Blood Flow Velocity in Patients with Peripheral Vascular Disease and Diabetes Treated with Intravenous Prostaglandin E1

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic atherosclerosis are risk factors for stroke. Although the origins of increased risk are complex, one possibility is that cerebrovascular reactivity is impaired and does not allow the brain to compensate for aberrations in physiology. The current study tested this issue by evaluating mean blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (Vmca) and carbon dioxide reactivity during anesthesia in patients with DM and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Methods Fifty-two patients were observed: 20 patients with DM (the DM group), 12 patients with PVD (the PVD group), and 20 patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2 (the control group). The Vmca was measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography during isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. After measuring baseline Vmca at a partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) of 37.7 +/- 4.5 mmHg (mean +/- SD), measurements were repeated at a PaCO of 44.2 +/- 3.8 mmHg, and the carbon dioxide reactivity (absolute value: cm x s(-1) x mmHg(-1); relative value: percentage of baseline Vmca/mmHg) was calculated. Results The baseline Vmca of the DM group (51 +/- 12 cm/s) was significantly greater than those of the control group (42 +/- 6 cm/s) and the PVD group (42 +/- 13 cm/s). The absolute and relative values of carbon dioxide reactivity in the DM group (3.1 +/- 1.3 cm x s(-1) x mmHg(-1); 6.3 +/- 2.4%/mmHg) were significantly greater than or equivalent to those of the control group (2.3 +/- 0.8 cm x s(-1) x mmHg(-1); 5.3 +/- 1.7%/mmHg), respectively. In the PVD group, the baseline Vmca was equivalent to the control group, but the carbon dioxide reactivity (1.1 +/- 0.5 cm x s(-1) x mmHg(-1) 2.8 +/- 1.2%/mmHg) was significantly less. Conclusions The patients with DM have increased baseline cerebral blood flow velocity and normal carbon dioxide reactivity during anesthesia. The patients with PVD have decreased carbon dioxide reactivity, but baseline flow velocity is maintained.

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Prostaglandin E1 in peripheral vascular disease: a PET study of muscular blood flow

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ◽

10.1080/00365519850186689 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 109-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. M. Schellong ◽

W. Burchert ◽

R. M. Böger ◽

A. Creutzig ◽

H. Hundeshagen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Peripheral Vascular Disease ◽

Prostaglandin E1 ◽

Peripheral Vascular

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Vasodilator drugs and peripheral vascular disease

Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin ◽

10.1136/dtb.10.23.91 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 91-92

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Peripheral Vascular Disease ◽

Intermittent Claudication ◽

Placebo Effect ◽

Perfusion Pressure ◽

Symptomatic Improvement ◽

Peripheral Vascular ◽

Vasodilator Drug ◽

Local Accumulation

Many drugs are recommended for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease but evidence for their usefulness is conflicting, mainly because the drug responses are difficult to assess. For instance a symptom such as intermittent claudication may fluctuate spontaneously1 and is also particularly susceptible to a placebo effect.2 Objective criteria may also mislead, for an increase in the blood flow in the ischaemic limb during exercise does not necessarily correlate with symptomatic improvement,3 and in healthy limbs the response to a drug may be quite different from that in a diseased one. In the diseased limb, for instance, a vasodilator drug may not increase the blood flow above that already produced by the local accumulation of metabolites,4 and furthermore any drug that causes widespread dilatation in normal vessels may reduce the perfusion pressure and thus the flow to the ischaemic limb,5 or may shunt blood away from ischaemic zones towards normal areas.

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Radionuclide limb blood flow in peripheral vascular disease

Nuclear Medicine Communications ◽

10.1097/00006231-199110000-00003 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 835-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. PARKIN ◽

P. J. ROBINSON ◽

D. MARTINEZ ◽

D. WILKINSON ◽

R. C. KESTER

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Peripheral Vascular Disease ◽

Peripheral Vascular ◽

Limb Blood Flow

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Effects of neuropeptides and vasoactive substances on microcirculation of the callus after tibial osteotomy in rabbits

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.57.2009.3.9 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 427-439

Author(s):

Zsolt Vendégh ◽

András Melly ◽

Balázs Tóth ◽

Konrad Wolf ◽

Tamás Farkas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Perfusion Pressure ◽

Tibial Osteotomy ◽

Peripheral Vascular ◽

Flow Measurements ◽

Vasoactive Substances ◽

Blood Flow Measurements

Previous studies have demonstrated a dynamic ingrowth of vessels into the developing callus. In this study, maturation and development of the regulation of microcirculation were followed in the callus of rabbits. In the first series, the effects of vasoactive substances on blood flow velocity, perfusion pressure, duration of effects and peripheral vascular resistance of the bone marrow in the femur and tibia were compared. In the second series, the same parameters were measured in the femur and in the developing callus 10 and 15 days following gap osteotomy of the tibia. There were no significant differences between the microcirculatory reactions of the intact femur and tibia. Basal blood flow could be verified in the callus on the 10th postoperative day. No vascular reactions could be elicited. Basal blood flow velocity was higher on the 15th day, when compared to the measurements on the 10th day. The substances elicited statistically significant differences in flow velocity, resistance and 50% recovery time in the callus on the 15th day. Blood flow reactions of the ipsilateral femoral and tibial bone marrow are identical, thus the femur can serve as a reference site for blood flow measurements in the callus. Regulation and maturation of callus microcirculation develop rapidly between the 10th and 15th days.

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Effect of the prostaglandin E1 analogue gemeprost on the blood flow velocity waveforms of uterine arteries during the first trimester of pregnancy

BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology ◽

10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13004.x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Penhi Jouppila ◽

Sanna Suomalainen-Konig

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Prostaglandin E1 ◽

First Trimester ◽

Uterine Arteries ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

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Tyrosine phosphatase inhibition augments collateral blood flow in a rat model of peripheral vascular disease

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00007.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 287 (1) ◽

pp. H268-H276 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Andrew N. Carr ◽

Michael G. Davis ◽

Elaine Eby-Wilkens ◽

Brian W. Howard ◽

Bryan A. Towne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Peripheral Vascular Disease ◽

Rat Model ◽

Tyrosine Kinases ◽

Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ◽

Collateral Blood Flow ◽

Peripheral Vascular ◽

Phosphatase Inhibition

During embryonic development, the growth of blood vessels requires the coordinated activation of endothelial receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and Tie-2. Similarly, in adulthood, activation of endothelial RTKs has been shown to enhance development of the collateral circulation and improve blood flow to ischemic tissues. Recent evidence suggests that RTK activation is negatively regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). In this study, we used the nonselective PTP inhibitor bis(maltolato)oxovanadium IV (BMOV) to test the potential efficacy of PTP inhibition as a means to enhance endothelial RTK activation and improve collateral blood flow. In cultured endothelial cells, pretreatment with BMOV augmented VEGFR-2 and Tie-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and enhanced VEGF- and angiopoietin-1-mediated cell survival. In rat aortic ring explants, BMOV enhanced vessel sprouting, a process that can be influenced by both VEGFR-2 and Tie-2 activation. Moreover, 2 wk of BMOV treatment in a rat model of peripheral vascular disease enhanced collateral blood flow similarly to VEGF, and after 4 wk, BMOV was superior to VEGF. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that PTPs are important regulators of endothelial RTK activation and for the first time demonstrate the potential utility of phosphatase inhibition as a means to promote collateral development and enhance collateral blood flow to ischemic tissue.

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