<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this paper, the modified minimal model (MM) with a mathematical function for describing the insulin infusion rates was used to study of the effects of physical exercise on the dynamics of glucose and insulin on the insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) procedure, a dose of glucose was administered intravenously to overnight-fasted subjects, 20 min after the glucose bolus, insulin was injected over 1-2 min either into the portal vein or into the femoral vein, and subsequently the glucose and insulin concentrations in plasma were frequently sampled (usually 30 times) over a period of 180 min. The dynamic glucose and insulin responses to glucose and insulin injection were analysed using the modified MM without and with physical exercise from IVGTT data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our simulation results shown physical exercise improved blood glucose control and enhanced insulin sensitivity (<em>S<sub>I</sub></em>) index in subjects with T1DM and T2DM. However, the T1DM and T2DM subjects need to be aware of the basic strategies to prevent hypoglycemia and maintain reasonable glucose control. It should be noted that the putative improvement in exercise-induced peripheral <em>S<sub>I</sub></em> index in subjects with T1DM and T2DM was not always coincidental with the improvement of the insulin dosage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The feature increased physical exercise, along with knowledge about how to modify daily insulin dosage to prevent hypoglycemia, improved blood glucose control and enhanced <em>S<sub>I</sub></em> index. </p>
No Deleterious Effects of Tight Blood Glucose Control on 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Normoalbuminuric Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patients
