Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hospice Care: A Systematic Review

Abstract Context Multilevel church-based interventions may help address racial/ethnic disparities in obesity in the United States since churches are often trusted institutions in vulnerable communities. These types of interventions affect at least two levels of socio-ecological influence which could mean an intervention that targets individual congregants as well as the congregation as a whole. However, the extent to which such interventions are developed using a collaborative partnership approach and are effective with diverse racial/ethnic populations is unclear, and these crucial features of well-designed community-based interventions. Objective The present systematic literature review of church-based interventions was conducted to assess their efficacy for addressing obesity across different racial/ethnic groups (eg, African Americans, Latinos). Data Sources and Extraction In total, 43 relevant articles were identified using systematic review methods developed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Task Force on Community Preventive Services. The extent to which each intervention was developed using community-based participatory research principles, was tailored to the particular community in question, and involved the church in the study development and implementation were also assessed. Data Analysis Although 81% of the studies reported significant results for between- or within-group differences according to the study design, effect sizes were reported or could only be calculated in 56% of cases, and most were small. There was also a lack of diversity among samples (eg, few studies involved Latinos, men, young adults, or children), which limits knowledge about the ability of church-based interventions to reduce the burden of obesity more broadly among vulnerable communities of color. Further, few interventions were multilevel in nature, or incorporated strategies at the church or community level. Conclusions Church-based interventions to address obesity will have greater impact if they consider the diversity among populations burdened by this condition and develop programs that are tailored to these different populations (eg, men of color, Latinos). Programs could also benefit from employing multilevel approaches to move the field away from behavioral modifications at the individual level and into a more systems-based framework. However, effect sizes will likely remain small, especially since individuals only spend a limited amount of time in this particular setting.

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccinations Among Nursing Home Residents: A Systematic Review

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gnw193 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. e205-e217 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jasmine L Travers ◽

Krista L Schroeder ◽

Thomas E Blaylock ◽

Patricia W Stone

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Nursing Home ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Racial Ethnic

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RISK FACTORS FOR DISENROLLMENT AMONG HOME HOSPICE PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2911 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S791-S791

Author(s):

Elizabeth A Luth ◽

David Russell

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Functional Status ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Hospice Care ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Dementia Diagnosis ◽

Hospice Patients ◽

Racial Ethnic

Abstract Hospice delivers care to a substantial and growing number of individuals with primary and comorbid dementia diagnoses. Dementia diagnosis and racial/ethnic minority status are risk factors for hospice disenrollment. However, little research examines racial/ethnic disparities and other risk factors for hospice disenrollment among hospice patients with dementia. This paper uses multinomial logistic regression to explore sociodemographic and functional status risk factors for hospice disenrollment among 3,949 home hospice recipients with primary or comorbid dementia. Results indicate that patients with a primary dementia diagnosis, racial/ethnic minority groups, and those higher functional status have elevated risk of disenrollment due to hospitalization, disqualification, and electively leaving hospice care. Additional research is needed to understand why primary dementia diagnosis and underrepresented racial/ethnic status are associated with multiple kinds of hospice disenrollment so that hospice practice can be tailored to respond to the needs of these individuals.

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities of Depressive Symptoms in the United States A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data

10.31234/osf.io/prsz6 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

José M. Causadias ◽

Kevin Michael Korous ◽

Karina M Cahill ◽

Eiko I Fried ◽

Longfeng Li

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

The United States ◽

Individual Participant Data ◽

Individual Participant ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Minority Participants ◽

Racial Ethnic

Although a growing body of research has documented racial/ethnic disparities in depressive symptoms in the United States, the precise magnitude of these differences is not known. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data to (1) estimate the average difference of depressive symptoms between Whites and racial/ethnic minorities, as well as differences between (i.e., Asian American, African American, Latinxs, Multiracial, Native American, other race) and within (i.e., Latinx: Central American, Cuban American, Mexican American, Puerto Rican, other Latinx) minority groups, and (2) determine if moderators account for these differences. We screened 2,425 nationally-representative studies from the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), and identified 127 datasets of studies conducted from 1971 to 2018. We included 73 datasets from 26 nationally-representative studies (N = 2,116,853). The average absolute difference was d = 0.09, 95% CI [0.07, 0.12] between White and minority participants; was d = 0.07, 95% CI [0.06, 0.09] between minority participants; and d = 0.10, 95% CI [0.06, 0.15] within minority Latinx participants. Increases in socioeconomic status exacerbated these disparities. Psychometric analyses showed that measure reliability was related to larger differences. We discuss the implications of these findings.

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